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XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod hm [edam`m¨Mm Jwé, _mJ©Xe©H qHdm _XVZrg XoIrb ZìhVm

(09 ARTICLES 10 DOCUMENTS)

Rajmata Jijau

Jagatguru Tukobarai

Chatrapati Shivarai

Swatantryvir Sambhaji

Rashtrpita Jotiba

Rajarshi Shahuji

Bharatratna Babasaheb

Krishiratna Punjabrao

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M¨X«eoIa [eIao

[edmOr _hmamOm¨gmo~V ehmOramOm¨Zr Hmhr [dídmgw ZmoHa [Xbo hmoVo. ehmOramOm¨À`m nwUo n[agamVrb Hmhr _wHmem¨Mm Hma^ma Ë`m¨À`m dVrZo XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod nmhV Ago. XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod ehmOramOm¨Mm ImOJr ZmoHa hmoVm. Vmo nwUo naJÊ`mÀ`m dmQg [d^mJmVrb _bRU JmdmMm HwbHUu hmoVm. Hmhr B[VhmgHmam¨Zr XmXmoOr Hmo¨TmÊ`mMm gw^oXma Agë`mMo [b[hbo Amho. na¨Vw Hmo¨TmUm n[agamVrb ehmOramOm¨À`m _wbImMm Hma^ma nmhÊ`mgmRr ehmOramOm¨Zr Ë`mMr _wVm[bH åhUyZ Zo_UyH Hobr hmoVr. AWm©V Vmo Am[XbehmMm A[YHmar ZìhVm, Va ehmOramOm¨Mm ImOJr ZmoHa hmoVm. 1641-42 _Ü`o [edmOramOo nwÊ`mbm `oÊ`mnwdu Vmo ehmOramOm¨Mr Amkm nmiV Ago. [edmOramOo nwÊ`mV Amë`mZ¨Va Vmo Ë`m¨À`m Am[U [OOm~mB©¨À`m Amkm nmiV Ago. ~è`mM CËVaHmbrZ ~IaHmam¨Zr d Hmhr VWmH[WV B[VhmgHmam¨Zr `m XmXmoOrbm [edmOr _hmamOm¨Mm ~mbnUrMm Jwé HéZ [edam`m¨À`m ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m àmW[_H Hm`m©Mo lo` XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm Amho. Hmhr B[VhmgHmam¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm eñÌmñÌmMo [ejU XmXmoOrZo [Xë`mMo [MÌ a¨Jdbo Amho. `mdéZ àoaUm KoDZ _hmamï— emgZmZo CËH¥ï [H«Sm à[ejHmgmRr "XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod nwañHma' XoIrb gwé Hobm Amho d "XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod ñQoSr`_' ZmdmZo _moRo ñQo[S`_ RmUo `oWo V`ma Hobo Amho. XmXmoOrZo [edmOr _hmamOm¨Zm HmoUË`mhr àHmaÀ`m eñÌmñÌm¨Mo à[ejU [Xë`mMm qHdm ñdamÁ`Hm`m©g àoaUm [Xë`mMm AWdm _XV Hoë`mMm EHhr CëboI g_HmbrZ gmYZm¨_Ü`o Zmhr. "amYm_mYd[dbmgM¨nw', "[ed^maV', "OoYo eHmdbr' `m gdm©¨V [dœgZr` g_Oë`m OmUmè`m g_HmbrZ gmYZm¨_Ü`o XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmMm CëboIM Zmhr. ñdamÁ`Hm`m©V bhmZ _moRo `moJXmZ [Xcoë`m AZoH ì`ŠVtMo CëboI `m J«¨Wm_Ü`o AgVmZm XmXmoOtMm CëboI ZgUo hr Jmoï [edmOramOm¨À`m ñdamÁ`Hm`m©Vrb d OrdZmVrb XmXmoOtMo Jm¡U ñWmZ Xe©dVo. [dídgZr` g_Oë`m OmUmè`m g^mgXmÀ`m ~IarV XoIrb XmXmoOrZo [edmOramOm¨Zm [ejU [Xë`mMo CëboI ZmhrV. g^mgX [bhVmo,"" ehmOramOo HZm©QH àm¨Vr ~o¨Jéi `oWo hmoVo. ehmOramOo `mgr Xm¡bVr_Ü`o nwUo namJUm hmoVm. VoWo XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod emhmUm Mm¡Hg Ro[dbm hmoVm. Vmo ~o¨Jéimg _hmamOm¨À`m ^oQrg Jobm. Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a amOlr [edmOramOo d [OOm~mB©AmD Eoer Jobr. Vo g_`r am[O`mg dfo© ~mam hmoVr. ~am~a em_amd ZriH¨R noedo HéZ [Xbo d ~miH¥îUn¨V d Zmamon¨V Xr[jVm¨Mo MwbV^mD _wOw_Xma {Xbo d gmoZmOrn¨V S~ra d aKwZmW ~ëbmi g~Zrg Eogo XoDZ XmXmoOrn¨Vmg d amOo `m¨gr nwÊ`mg admZm Hobo. Vo nwÊ`mg Ambo. `oVmM ~mam _mdio Hm~rO Hobr. _mdio Xoe_wI ~m¨YyZ, XñV HéZ nw¨S hmoVo, Ë`mg _m[abo. Ë`mOda HmbdemV XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod _¥Ë`y nmdbo. nwTo [edmOramOo AmnUM Hma^ma HarV Mmbbo.'' BVa gd© ZmoHam¨gmo~VM XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod hm ZmoHaM hmoVm. na¨Vy noedoHmbrZ ~Iar_Ü`o Ë`mMo CXmËVrHaU HaÊ`mV Ambo. g^mgX ~IarMo g¨nmXH XËVm ^JV [bhVmV,""CËVaHmbrZ ~IaHmam¨Zr [edmOr _hmamOm¨À`m OSUKSUrV XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmMo Jwé åhUwZ [MÌU HaVmZm XmXmoOtZm AdmñVd _hËd [Xbo. Vo `m ~IarV Zmhr. [edmOr _hmamOm¨Zm XmXmoOr~Ôb AmXa AgUma, nU `m C^`Vm¨Mo g¨~¨Y _mbH-godH AmhoV ho g^mgXmÀ`m bjmV Amho.'' dm.gr.~o¨X«o `m¨À`m _Vo,""[edmOr-[OOmB© `m¨Zm XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodm~amo~a nmR[dbo hr Hodi Hmën[ZH _m[hVr Amho. AWm©V Vr MwHrMr Amho.'' XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmÀ`m ñd^mdmVrb EHm n¡byMo [X½Xe©Z HaUmar h[HHV gZXmnÌm¨_Ü`o CnbãY Amho. a¨JZmW HwbHUu `mg XmXmoOrZo [df XoDZ Rma _maë`mZ¨Va Ë`mMm _wbJm [dgmOrMr nËZr ^mZm~mB© hrg [OOm~mB©Zo Mmoir HmHUm~Ôb BZm_ O_rZ [Xë`mMr h[HHV gZXo_Ü`o Amho. am.ì`¨. Omoer Amnë`m"naHr`m¨À`m X¥ïrVyZ [edmOr' `m nwñVHmV " XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod:X¨VHWm Am[U gË`' `m_Yrb [ddoMZmV XmXmoOr[df`r gZXoVrb _OHya CX²Y¥V HaVmV. Ë`mZwgma [OOmD¨Zr ñdV:À`m ZmdmZo gZX HmTwZ ^mZm~mB©À`m ZmdmZo ~m^yiJmd [edoOdiÀ`m 546 [~Ko O_rZ XmZ [Xbr Amho. XmXmoOrÀ`m ñd^mdmMm n¡bw XmIdUmam gZXnÌmVrb _OHya Agm Amho."" amOlr a¨Jmo JUoe gmoZQ¸o HwbHUu Hg~o _moHX_ [OVr naJUo ho [deof _mohg~ Úmd`mg [Hëbo Hmo¨TmUm, amOlr XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod `m¨Mo Kar ^moOZmg ~mobm[dbo. ^moOZ HéZ Imobr_Ü`o [~NmZm HéZ [ZX«m Hobr. nmM ghm KQHm Omhm[b`mda A¨JmMr AmJr Ohmbr. nmUr nmUr HéZ ImobrV àmU Jobm. Imobrg ~mhoéZ Hwbyn hmoVo. Xwgao [Xder ImobrMo Hwbyn HmTyZ nm[hbo, Vmo _¥V nmdbo. àmZ [ZKmoZ Jobm Ago dV©_mZ Pmbo. `mMH[aVm gmho~ ([OOmD )H¥nmiy hmoDZ XmZnÌo BZm_ [Xbo Ago.'' `m dU©ZmdéZ XmXmoOtZm a¨JZmW HwbHUubm _hgyb dgwbrgmRr ñdV:À`m Kar Oodm`bm ~mobmdbo Am[U HnQmZo OodUmVyZ [df [Xë`mMo [ZX©eZmg `oVo. a¨JZmW HwbHUuÀ`m gwZobm [OOmD¨Zr O_rZ BZm_ [Xbr Amho. `m [ZamYma HwQw¨~mbm AmYma XoDZ [OOmD¨Zr Amnë`m Ý`m`~wÕrMo Xe©Z KS[dbo Amho. Jmo.g.gaXogmB© `m¨À`m gmaIo ~aoM B[VhmgHma [edam`m¨À`m gwédmVrÀ`m HmimVrb [Hëbo qOHUo d ñdamÁ` ñWmnZog¨~¨YrÀ`m AÝ` KQHm¨Mo lo` XmXmoOrbm XoVmV. gaXogmB© åhUVmV,"" B.g.1644 _Ü`o Hmo¨TmUm àm¨V d [Hëbm XmXmoOrZo hñVJV Hobm. hr Jmoï [dOmnwamhyZ gwQboë`m \m_m©ZmZo [gÕ Pmbr Amho. qghJSMm ~¨Xmo~ñV HéZ Z¨Va [edmOrZo VmoaÊ`mÀ`m [HëboXmamer g¨YmZ ~m¨YyZ Vmohr Vmã`mV [_idbm. Z¨Va VmoaÊ`mMo Am¾o`mg VrZ _¡bmda amOJS [Hëbm [edmOrZo ZdrZ ~m¨Ybm.'' 1644 Vo 1647 `m HmimV [edmOrZo XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmÀ`m _XVrZo VmoaUm, amOJS, qghJS BË`mXr [Hëbo KoVbo, Agm ^mg gaXogmB© `m¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobm Amho. Á`m \_m©ZmMm Ë`m¨Zr da CëboI Hobm Amho, Ë`m \_m©ZmMm Am[U XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmZo qghJS KoÊ`mMm g¨~¨Y Zmhr. ehmOrda Am[XbehmZo ~¨SImoarMm Amamon Hobm, Ë`m g¨X^m©V ho \_m©Z Amho. \_m©Z 1 Am°JñQ 1644 Mo AgyZ HmÝhmoOr OoYo `mbm CÔoeyZ Amho. Ë`mVrb dmŠ` Ago Amho,"ehmOr ^mogbo `mZo [dOmnya Xa~mam[déÕ ~¨S Hobo AgyZ Ë`mMm _wVm[bH Hmo¨TmÊ`mÀ`m n[agamV Amho. Ë`mMr A[VH«_Uo ~¨X nmSyZ Ë`m àm¨VmMm Vm~m KoÊ`mgmRr Am_À`m d[Oam~amo~a OmÊ`mgmRr åhUyZ Amåhr I¨SmoOr ImonSo Am[U ~mOr KmoanSo `m¨Mr Zo_UyH Hobr Amho.' goVw _mYdamd nJSr åhUVmV,"Iar h[HHV Aer [XgVo Hr, XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ¨VaM (7_mM©,1647) [edmOrZo [Hëbo KoDZ ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m CnH«bm gwédmV Hobr. 1642 À`m nwdu Ë`mZo [Hëbo KoVbo, VmoaUm àW_ KoDZ ñdamÁ`mMo VmoaU ~m¨Ybo `m [dYmZm¨Zm AmYma Zmhr.' lr.J.h.Iao åhUVmV,"" OoYo HarÝ`mV amOJSm[df`r _mhrVr Ambr Amho, Vr Hmb-àg¨J `m XmoÝhr X¥ïtZr AMwH Agob Va XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmMm B.g. 1647 _Ü`o _¥Ë`y Pmë`mdaM B.g. 1649 nydu [edmOrZo VmoaÊ`mgh hm [Hëbm ~mnyOr _wX²Jb ZèhoHa Xoenm¨So `m¨À`m gmhçmZo KoDZ Ë`mMm [OUmo©Õma HaÊ`mMo Hm_ Mmb[dbo hmoVo Ago RaVo.'' g^mgX ~IarV XoIrb XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ¨VaM [edmOramOm¨Zr [Hëbo qOHÊ`mg gwédmV Hoë`mMm CëboI Amho. _hmamOm¨À`m ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMm CnH«_ Hmhr B[VhmgHma 1644 n`©¨V _mJo ZoVmV, nU Ë`mbm AmYma Zmhr. ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m CnH«_mMr gwédmV XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ¨VaM Pmbr Amho. ñdamÁ`[damoYH XmXmoOr B[VhmgVÁk dm.gr. ~o¨X«o [b[hVmV,""[edmOr d Ë`m¨Mr _mVm [OOmB©gmo~VM ehmOr _hmamOm¨À`m Hmhr godHm¨~amo~a nwUo _w¸m_r Ambo. [edmOr _hmamO _hmamï—mV Amë`mZ¨Va gd© nÌì`dhma [edmOr d [OOm~mB© `m¨À`m ZmdmZo AmTiVmo.'' Vo nwTo åhUVmV, ""[edmOramOo nwÊ`mg Amnë`m ~mnmÀ`m Ohm[Jarda Ambo, Voìhm Vo bhmZ åhUOo Voam dfm©¨Mo hmoVo. Ë`m¨À`m g¨ajUmW© d [X_Vrg [Xbobr _¨Sir OwÝ`m O_mÝ`mVrb hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m¨À`m VéU aŠVmV qhXdr ñdmV¨Í`m~Ôb qHdm ñdamÁ`m~Ôb CgiÊ`mÀ`m ^mdZm¨Zm XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod à^¥VtÀ`m _mJ©X[e©ËdmImbr Xm~yZ RodUo Ë`m¨g ^mJ hmoVo.'' `m HënZobm _yV© ñdén XoÊ`mÀ`m CÚmoJmbm XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmMm gmh[OHM [damoY hmoVm Am[U Ë`mÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ¨VaM [edmOramOm¨Zr JS [Hëbo qOHbo `m Jmoïrbm _hËd Amho. [deof åhUOo XmXmoOrÀ`m Vmã`mVrb Hmo¨TmUm [Hëbm XoIrb Ë`mÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ¨VaM ñdamÁ`mV gm_rb Pmbm. `mdéZ [edam`m¨À`m ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m Hm`m©V XmXmoOrMm HmSr_mÌ g¨~¨Y Zgë`mMo [ZXe©Zmg `oVo. Ë`mCbQ XmXmoOrZo ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m Hm`m©V ASWio AmUë`mÀ`m Zmo¨Xr AZoH [RHmUr AmhoV. XmXmoOr [edmOramOm¨Mm Jwé åhUyZ g¨~moYUmao AmYw[ZH B[VhmgHma XmXmoOr ehmOtMm ImgJr ZmoHa hmoVm ho Hgo [dgabo `mMoM AmíM`© dmQVo. XmXmoOrMm _¥Ë`y 1647 _Ü`o Pmbm. Hmhr B[VhmgHmam¨À`m _Vo [edam`m¨Zr ñdV¨Ì amÁ`mÀ`m [Z[_©VrÀ`m hmbMmbr gwé Hoë`m_wio XmXmoOrZo Km~éZ [df àmeZ HéZ AmË_hË`m Hobr. Va HmhtÀ`m _Vo XmXmoOrMm _¥Ë`y AmOmanUm_wio Pmbm. "~¨wXoë`mMr ~Ia' d "EŠ`mÊUd Hb_r ~Ia' `m_Ü`o [edmOramOm¨Zr Am[XbehmMm _wbwI [O¨HÊ`mg gwédmV Hoë`m_wio XmXmoOrZo Km~éZ [dfàmeZ HéZ AmË_hË`m Hoë`mMo gm¨[JVbo Amho. Va "[ed[Xp½dO`' d [MQUrg ~IarV XmXmoOrZo [edmOramOm¨Zm ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m _mJo Z bmJÊ`mMm CnXoe Hoë`mMo åhQbo AgyZ XmXmoOr earamg ì`Wm hmoDZ _oë`mMo åhQbo Amho. J«±Q Q\ [bhVmo,"" Oo g_`r [edmOr [Hëbm ~m¨Ymd`mg bmJbm VoìhmnmgwZ XmXmoOr Hmoo¨SXod `mZo dma¨dma [hVmonXoe Hobm Hr,"" AemZo gd©M HwiM ~wSob.'' [edmOrZo Vo EoHyZ _mÝ` Hobo Ago XmIdbo. Voìhm XmXmoOr Ago g_Obm Hr,""hm ñdV:À`mM _Zmà_mUo dmJob. _mPo EoHUma Zmhr.'' Ago Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV `oVmM Ë`mbm AË`¨V qMVm bmJbr, Am[U dmY©Š`m_wio XwIUo bmJbo;VoUoHéZ Vmo _aUmoÝ_wI Pmbm.'' dm.gr. ~o¨X«o `m¨Zr B.g.1644 _Ü`o _whå_X Am[XbehmZo XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmMm EH hmV Hmnë`mMo Z_wX Hobo Amho. am. ì`. Omoer XoIrb Amnë`m "naHr`m¨À`m X¥ïrVyZ [edmOr' `m nwñVHmV "_wKb Xa~mamÀ`m EHm HmJXm_Ü`o XmXmoOrMm EH hmV VmoSë`mMr ~mV_r Amho.' Ago [bhVmV. `mdéZ 1644 nmgyZ Ë`mÀ`m _¥Ë`yn`©¨V åhUOoM 1647 n`©V EHM hmV Amho. XmXmoOr eñÌHm¡eë`mgmRr à[gÕ Agë`mMr g_HmbrZ gmYZm¨_Ü`o Zmo¨X Zmhr. Ë`mVhr EH hmV VwQboë`m n[apñWVr_Ü`o Ë`mZo [edam`m¨Zm eñÌmñÌ MmbdÊ`mMo à[ejU XoÊ`mMm CnH«_ HaUo AeŠ`àm` Jmoï Amho. Hmhr noedoHmbrZ ~IaHam¨Zr XmXmoOrMm hmV VmoSë`mMr Jmoï àVrHmamË_H RadÊ`mgmRr Am¨~o MmoarMr Hmën[ZH HhmUr aMbr Amho. "EŠ`mÊUd Hb_r ~Ia' d "[MQUrg ~Ia' `m_Ü`o "XmXmoOrZo [edmnwa `oWrb ehmOramOm¨À`m Zmdo Agboë`m Am¨~oamB©V EH Am¨~m MmoéZ VmoSbm. na¨Vw `mMm níMmVmn hmoDZ Vmo ñdV:Mm hmV VmoSÊ`mg [ZKmbm. bmoHm¨Zr Ë`mbm Ë`mnmgwZ namd¥ËV Hobo. Ë`m_wio Ë`mZo ñdV:À`m A¨Ja»`mMr EH ~mhr HmnyZ bm¨Sr Hobr' Ago dU©Z Amho. `mdéZ `m CËVaHmbrZ ~IaHmam¨Zr XmXmoOrMm hmV VmoSë`mMr KQZm à[VHmamË_H Ra[dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm Amho. "" na¨Vw [edmnwaMm ~mJ [edmOramOm¨Zr gZ 1649 _Ü`o åhUOo XmXmoOrÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ¨Va bmdë`mMr Zmo¨X g_HmbrZ HmJXnÌm¨_Ü`o Amho.'' Ë`m_wio hr ~mhr Hmnë`mMr HhmUr ImoQr RéZ XmXmoOrMm hmV VmoSÊ`mÀ`m KQZobm nwïr [_iVo. _hmË_m \wbo [edmOr_hmamOm¨À`m nmodmSçmV XmXmoOr d [edmOramOo `m¨À`m g¨~¨Ym[df`r nwTrb à_mUo dU©Z HaVmV. ""amOJS Vdm ~m¨Ybm C¨M Smo¨JamMm & ä`mbm _Zr [dOmnyaMm && Xwgam ä`mbm _obm ~oV ZìhVm nwduMm & XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmMm && _mgm nmUr Ioio & Jwé HmoU Ago Ë`mMm && ndmSm JmVmo [edmOtMm && `oWo _hmË_m \wë`m¨Zr XoIrb XmXmoOr hm Jwé Zgë`mMo à[VnmXZ Hobo Amho Am[U [edmOramOm¨Zr amOJS KoVë`m_wio Km~éZ XmXmoOr _aU nmdë`mMo åhQbo Amho. B[VhmgmMm`© dm.gr.~o¨X«o `m¨Zr XoIrb "XmXmoOr ho [edmOramOm¨Mo Jwé ZìhVo' Ago à[VnmXZ Hobo Amho. XmXmoOrMm _¥Ë`y Zo_Hm Hgm Pmbm `m~Ôb Oar doJdoJio àdmh Agbo Var XmXmoOrMm ñdamÁ`ñWmnZog Vrd« [damoY hmoVm `m~Ôb gd© B[VhmgHmam¨Mo EH_V Amho. [OOmD¨À`m XoIaoIrImbr à[e[jV hmoDZ [edam`m¨Zr ñd`¨à`ËZmZo d _mV¥àoaUoZo ñdamÁ` ñWmnZ Hobo. `m ñdamÁ`HënZobm XmXmoOrZo [damoY Hobm ho CKS AgVmZm [edam`m¨À`m eya _mdiçm¨À`m gmWrZo Hoboë`m ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoÀ`m A[ìXVr` namH«_mMo lo` ehmOramOm¨Mm ImOJr ZmoHa Agboë`m XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXodmbm Úm`Mo hr HënZmM MwHrMr Amho. (M¨X«eoIa [eIao [bIrV "à[VB[Vhmg' `m nwñVHm_YyZ gm^ma)
Shivshri Puroshottam Khedekar


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