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Shiv Shrimant Kokate |
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1.Swatantryaveer Chatrapati Sambhaji 2.Shivaji Rajanche Khare Shatru Kon? 3.Viswavandya Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj 4.Marathyanchya Arakshanamagil Sh'yantra 5.Chatrapati Shivaji Raje |
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a-brahmani books, booklets with a brief to publish online with it. review on a-brahmani and brahmani books. -Coordinator |
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Shiv Shrimant Kokate Shivaji Rajanche Khare Shatru Kon? |
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àñVmdZm NÌnVr [edmOr _hmamO ho OmJ[VH [HVuMo, Am[U HVw©ËdmMo amOo AmhoV. ^y[_nwÌm¨À`m ghHm`m©Zo amOm¨Zr ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. nU amOm¨Mo [Z[d©dmX M[aÌ CnbãY Zmhr ho HQygË` Amho. H[ënVHWm, a¨OHVm ho [edM[aÌmVrb ASWio AmhoV. [edM[aÌ ho nwñVHmV Z _mdUmao OrdZHm`© Amho. [edM[aÌmda AZoH A¨JmZr [b[hUo JaOoMo Amho. [edM[aÌ ho Hodi SmoŠ`mda KoDZ [_adÊ`mMm [df` Zmhr, Va SmoŠ`mV KmbÊ`mMm [df` Amho. [edM[aÌmda _m[bHm, ZmQHo, [MÌnQ, _hmZmQç [Z_m©U HaUo Am[U ì`m»`mZo XoUo hm AZoHm¨Zr Y¨Xm Hobm Amho. Aem HmimV HQwVoMm [dMma Z HaVm lr_¨V HmoHmQo `m¨Zr AË`¨V g¨emoYZnyU© Ago ""[edmOramOm¨Mo Iao eÌy HmoU?'' ho amOm¨À`m OrdZmVrb An[a[MV ~m~tda àHme QmHUmao nwñVH [b[hbo Amho. amOm¨Zm OmVr`-Ym[_©H Mm¡HQrV ASHdUo, am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV enW KoVbr Hr Zmhr, _hmamUr nwVim~mB©Mo gVr OmUo, ^dmZr Vbdma, ~hwOZà[VnmbH åhUÊ`mEodOr Jm ~«m÷Uà[VnmbH åhUUo `mnmRr_mJMo fS`¨Ì, [OOmD_m°gmho~m¨Mo [ZYZ Hgo Pmbo? amOm¨Mm IyZ Hem àHmao HaÊ`mV Ambm? _ZwdmXr [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmaIobm [damoY Hm HaVmV? `m~m~V lr_¨VMo g¨emoYZ Zm[dÝ`nwU© Amho. `mgmRr lr_¨V HmoHmQo `m¨Zr ~aoM l_ KoVbo AmhoV. amOm¨Zr gd© OmVrY_m©À`m ^y[_nwÌm¨Zm gmo~V KoDZ ñdamÁ` [Z[_©Vr Hobr. Ë`m_Ü`o ~mOr nmgbHa, HmÝhmoOr OoYo, [edmOr Hm[eX, [Odm _hmbm, ~[hOu ZmB©H, [hamoOr \OªX, ZwaImU ~oJ, HmPr h¡Xa, bm` nmQrb, `ogmOr H¨H, [\a¨JmoOr, àVmnamd, Hmo¨SmOr \OªX, gw`©amd HmHSo, ZoVmOr nmbHa, [g[Õ [hbmb, [g[Õ B~«m[h_, \[HamMm Imna nUOmo~m, _wamaOr d ~mOrà^y, ho à^y B. gd© OmVr Y_m©Mo ghHmar amOm¨gmRr àmUnUmZo bTbo. `m àg¨Jr XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod, H¥îUmOr HwbHUu, am_Xmg, _moamon¨V B. AZoH ^QOr AmSdo Ambo. AmSdo Amboë`m¨Zm amOm¨Zr nam^yV Hobo. A\ObImZ ^oQrÀ`m àg¨Jr amOm¨da dma HaUmè`m H¥îUmOr ^mñHa HwbHUubm amOm¨ZR Rma _mabo. amOm¨Zm AmOÝ_ Ìmg XoUmè`m eÌyMr _m[hVr Va lr_¨VZo àñVwV nwñVHmV [XbrM, nU AmOÀ`m VmaIon`ªV [edM[aÌ, [edgyÌ Am[U [edZrVrbm OmUrdnyd©H ~XZm_ HaUmè`m [QiH, gmdaHa, nwa¨Xao, ~oSoHa Am[U `.[X. \SHo¨Mm XoIrb nXm©\me Hobm Amho. _hmamOm¨Zm [Od¨VnUr Ìmg XoUmao Ogo eÌy AmhoV, VgoM Ë`m¨Mm ~XZm_rHmaH B[Vhmg [b[hUmao \SHo, _mQo, H¨QH XoIrb eÌy AmhoV. Ë`m¨Zr amOm¨Mm d _amRm [ñÌ`m¨Mm ~XZm_rHmaH B[Vhmg n[hë`m I¨SmV [b[hbm. lr_¨VZo `m ~m~VrV [b[hbo Amho. nU à[V[H«`m XoÊ`mV eºr IM© HaÊ`mojm Zd[Z[_©VrMr JaO Amho. ^md[ZH nmVirda boIZ Hmb~mhç RaVo. `mgmRr eÌy¨Mm CëboI HéZ Ë`m¨Zm _moRo HaÊ`mnojm [edmOramOm¨À`m [_Ìm¨da XoIrb [bhmdo. [edM[aÌmVrb AZoH ~m~r AZ[^kM AmhoV. Ë`m¨Mm emoY ¿`mdm. lr_¨V hm g¥OZ[eb Aä`mgy Am[U naIS [dMmam¨Mm à^mdr dºm Amho. Ë`m_wio [dZ¨VrdOm gyMZm Amho Hr, g¨^mOramOm¨da XoIrb [bhmdo. nwéfmoÎm_ IoSoHa (amï—r` AÜ`j, _amRm godm g¨K)
boIHmMo _ZmoJV... [edmOramOo ho [dœd¨Ú amOo AmhoV. amOm¨Mo HV©¥Ëd ho gwdUm©jam¨Zr KamKamV HmoéZ Rodmdo Ago Amho. amOm¨Zr \º 50 dfm©À`m Am`wî`mV AeŠ` Hm`© eŠ` HéZ XmI[dbo. g_mOì`dñWoV Am_wbmJ« n[adV©Z HaÊ`mgmRr amOm¨Zr [Z[^©SnUo Pw¨O [Xbr. `mgmRr amOm¨Zm hmVmV eñÌ Yamdo bmJbo. nU amOm¨Zr eñÌmMo `wÕ H_rVH_r Hobo. MmVw`m©Mm dmna HéZ amOm¨Zr naMH« [ZXm©ibo. `màg¨Jr Ë`m¨Zm Iwn [damoY Pmbm. Á`m¨Zm [damoY hmoV Zmhr Vo n[adV©Z Hé eHV ZgVmV. àg¨Jr amOm¨da àmUKmVH hëbo Pmbo, ZmC_oX HaÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmbm. nU amOm¨Zr `m gd© g¨HQmda _mV Hobr. A\ObImZ, em[hñVoImZ, [gÕrOm¡ha, [XboaImZ, Am¡a¨JOo~ `m eÌy¨Zm [edam`m¨Zr nam^yV Hobo. HmaU Vo CKS eÌy hmoVo, CKS eÌy[déÕ bTUo \ma gmono AgVo. Ë`m¨À`m[déÕ SmdnoM AmIVm `oVmV. nU JwßVeÌy[déÕ SmdnoM AmIVm `oV ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio CKS eÌynojm JwßV eÌy \ma IVaZmH AgVmo. Am¡a¨JOo~ Vo A\ObImZ ho amOm¨Mo CKS eÌy hmoVo. Vo amOm¨Mo HÅa [damoYH hmoVo. `m~m~V Xw_V Zmhr. nU amOm¨À`m Aml`mbm amhUmao [_ÌËdmMo gmo¨J HaUmao Am[U g¨HQg_`r [edam`m¨Zm Rma _maÊ`mgmRr CKS eÌw¨À`m HinmV gh^mJr hmoUmao amOm¨Mo Iao eÌy AmhoV. nU njnmVr B[Vhmg boIZmHm¨Zr `m eÌyMm OmUrdnyd©H CëboI Qmibobm Amho. g_HmbrZ HmJXnÌ, dñVw[Zð nwamdo AgVmZmXoIrb amOm¨À`m eÌy¨Mo CXmÎmrHaU HaÊ`mMo nmVH Hmhr [edem[ham¨Zr Am[U HmX¨~arHmam¨Zr Hobobr Amho. na¨Vy B[VhmgmV H[dHënZm, a¨OHVm, ì`[ºJV_V, bm[bË`, ìXof, nwd©J«hXy[fVd¥Îmr `m ~m~tZm A[O~mV ñWmZ ZgVo. [edmOr amOm¨À`m B[VhmgmMo VQñWnUo Am[U nmaXe©H d¥ÎmrZo boIZ Hobo Va [edmOr amOm¨Mo Iao eÌy XmXmoOr Hmo¨SXod, H¥îUmOr HwbHUu, am`~mKrU Xoe_wI, _waJwSZm¨XJm¨d `oWrb Omoer, _moamon¨V qnJio, AmÊUmOr XÎmo, C_mOr n¨[SV, amhwOr gmo_ZmW, JmJm^Å, hUy_¨Vo, am_Xmg B. AmhoV. darb gdmªZr amOm¨Zm Hgm d [HVr Ìmg [Xbm. ñdamÁ`[Z[_©VrÀ`m Hm_mV Hgo ASWio AmUbo. àg¨Jr amOm¨À`m A¨Jmda dma Hobo. AIoa [edam`m¨Mm IyZ XoIrb amhwOr gmo_ZmWmZo Hgm Hobm. ho AmnUmbm àñVwV nwñVHmV dmMÊ`mg [_iobM na¨Vw AmnUmbm Hmhr ~m~r A[à` dmQVrb Am[U IQHVrbgwÕm. nU [_Ìhmo EH ImoQ¨ hOmamo doim gm¨[JVb¨ Hr Iao dmQV AgVo, Am[U EH Iao gwédmVrbm gm¨[JVbo Hr IQHV AgVo. nU ho Iao gm¨JÊ`mMo YmSg Am[U Am[U EoHyZ, dmMyZ, g_OyZ KoÊ`mMo YmSg AmÎmm AmnU Hamdo. hr Z_« [dZ¨Vr HaVmo. Hmhr ~m~r IQHë`m Va [dMma ZmdmMr Iyn _moRr eºr Amnë`m nmRrer Amho. [H_mZ AmnU [dMma Var Hamdm. àñVwV nwñVHVrb EHhr eãX [ZamYma [b[hbobm Zmhr, àË`oH [RHmUr g¨X¨^© [Xbobm AmhoM. VgoM nmRr_mJo g¨X^© gyMr XoIrb [Xbobr Amho. KSboë`m KQZo_mJo Vm[H©H, _mZgemñÌr`, Vm[ËdH AmYma Amho. amOm¨Mo eÌy Ë`m¨À`m IwZm~amo~a g¨nbo ZmhrV, Ë`m¨Mr g¨»`m nwTo PnmQçmZo dmTbr. ^w[_nyÌm¨Mo ñdamÁ` [Ji¨H¥V HaUmè`m noeì`m¨Zr amOm¨Zr ñdHV©¥Ëdmda gwé Hobobm [edeH ~¨X Hobm. [QiHm¨Zr [edO`¨Vr ~¨X nmSÊ`mgmRr JUoemoËgd gwé Hobm. AÌo, gmdaHa, nwa¨Xao, ~oSoHa, \SHo `m¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm ~XZm_ Hobo. Va [dœ^wfU ^maVaËZ Sm°. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHam¨Zr [edmOramOm¨Mo [M[HËgH boIZ Hobo. amï—[nVm Á`mo[Vamd \wbo `m¨Zr [edO`¨Vr gwé Hobr. H_©dra ^mDamd nmQrb `m¨Zr AmOÝ_ _hmamOm¨Mm O`O`Hma HaV ^y[_nwÌm¨Zm [ejU [Xbo. gm[hË`aËZ Wmoa g_mOgwYmaH AÊUm^mD gmRo `m¨À`m_wioM [edmOr_hmamO a[e`mbm g_Obo. Sm°.n¨Om~amd Xoe_wI, à~moYZHma Hoed RmHao, H_©dra Sm°._m_mgmho~ OJXmio, ZoVmOr gw^mfM¨X« ~mog, ^JVqgJ ho [edmOr amOm¨Mo [Zñgr_ ^º hmoVo `mgmRr AZoH dñVw[Zð g¨X^© àñVwV nwñVHmV AmhoV. `m boIZm_mJo OmVr`ìXof qHdm ì`ºrXmof ZgyZ \º gË`g¨emoYZ Amho. gË`boIZ, gË`^mfm åhUOo [eì`m ZìhoV. ^maVr` g_mOmda hOmamo dfm©nmgyZ HWm, HmX¨~ar, [MÌnQm¨Mm à^md Agë`m_wio Iè`m B[VhmgmnmgyZ g_mO d¨[MV am[hbm. dmñVd B[Vhmg g¨emoYZmg d boIZmV Am[bHSo _hmamï—mV _moRr H«m¨Vr Pmbobr Amho. B[VhmgmMm`© àm. _m. _. Xoe_wI ho Iè`m B[VhmgmMo OZH AmhoV. JVdfu [dœd¨Ú amOm [edmOr `m _mÂ`m nwñVH àHmeZmZo _bm A[YH boIZmgmRr _hmamï—mVrb dmMHm¨Zr ào[aV Hobo. _hmamï—mVyZ à[V[H«`mË_H hOmamo nÌo _bm [_imbr. Ë`m nwñVHmZ¨Va [edmOramOm¨Mo Iao eÌy HmoU? ho nwñVH Amnë`m hmVr XoVmZm AmZ¨X hmoV Amho. _mPo [_Ì àdrU Jm`HdmS d em¨Vmam_ Hw¨Ora `m¨À`m_wio ho nwñVH dmMHm¨À`m hmVr XoVm Ambo. àñVwV nwñVH ho A[^é[Mnojm XoemÀ`m Amdí`HVogmRr Amho. HmaU Iam B[Vhmg g_Oë`m[edm` Iam B[Vhmg KSV ZgVmo. XoemVrb X¨Jbr, OmVr`Vm, A¨YlÕm g¨nmdr `mgmRrM ho nwñVH Amnë`m hmVr XoV Amho. `m nwñVHmMo AmnU EHmJ«VoZo dmMZ Hamdo d BVam¨Zm dmMÊ`mg àd¥Îm Hamdo hr [dZ¨Vr. Amnë`m A[^àm`mMr à[Vjm!
lr_¨V HmoHmQ [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmarI-[VWrMm dmX HmoUr [Z_m©U Hobm 1869gmbr amï—[nVm OmoVramd \wbo `m¨Zr am`JSmdarb [edam`m¨Mr g_mYr emoYyZ HmTbr d [edam`m¨À`m OrdZmda OJmVrb n[hbm Am[U à[XK© Agm Iam nmodmSm [b[hbm. [edam`m¨Mo OJ[d»`mV Hm`© KamKamV nmohMmdo `mgmRr OmoVramd \wbo `m¨Zr 1870 gmbr [edO`¨Vr gwé Hobr. [edO`¨VrMm n[hbm Hm`©H«_ nwUo `oWo nma nSbm. Vo¨ìhm nmgyZ [edO`¨Vr _moRçm Yw_YSmŠ`mV gwé Pmbr. `màg¨Jr [QiH 12-13 dfm©Mo "~mi' hmoVo. [edO`¨VrMm dmTVm bmoHmoËgd noedmB©À`m g_W©Hm¨Zm IwnV hmoVm. HmaU noeì`m¨Zr [edeH ~¨X HéZ _w[ñb_m¨Mm \gbr eH gwé Hobm hmoVm. [edam`m¨Mm am`JS CÜdñV HéZ XßVaImZm Omibm hmoVm. Ë`m noedmB©Mo g_W©Z d ~«m÷Um¨Mo Ooð nwTmar ~mi J¨JmYa [QiH `m¨Zr [edO`¨Vr ~¨X nmSÊ`mgmRr JUoemoËgd gwé HéZ [ed^ºmV [edO`¨Vr~m~X g¨^«_ [Z_m©U HaUmao [QiH ho AmÚ ~«m÷U AmhoV. nwTo ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edO`¨Vr [ZpíMV hmoD Z`o `mgmRr "dmX' Hm`_ Rodbm. HmaU [edO`¨VrÀ`m [Z[_ÎmmZo àOm EHÌ `oB©b. Iè`m [edMarÌmVyZ h¸-A[YHmamMr _mJUr HaUmao [ed^º [Z_m©U hmoVrb, ho amoIÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edO`¨VrMm dmX Mmby Rodbm. hm dmX g¨nmdm `mgmRr _hmamï— emgZmZo 1966-67 gmbr dm.gr.~o¨X«o, Z.a.\mQH, J.h.Iao, X.dm. nmoVXma, Sm°.Amßnmgmmo. ndma, ~._.nwa¨Xao `m¨Mr EH g[_Vr ñWmnZ Hobr. dmXJ«ñV ~m~tgmRr emgZ g[_Vr ñWmnZ HaVo, CXm.lrH¥îU Am`moJ, Ý`m.gmd¨V Am`moJ B.Ë`mà_mUo [edO`¨VrMr VmarI [Z[íMV HaÊ`mgmRr emgZmZo [edM[aÌ g¨emoYHm¨Mr g[_Vr ñWmnZ Hobr. Á`m Hm_mbm 2 df© bmJVmV VoWo Ë`m¨Zm 30 Vo 33 dfo© bmJbo, åhUOoM hm doiHmTynUm hmoVm. `m g[_VrZo 19 \o~w«dmar 1630 hr OÝ_VmarI emgZmbm gmXa Hobr. 19\o~w«dmar hr [edO`¨VrMr VmarI Omhra Pmë`m~amo~a Hmb[ZU©` H°bo¨Sadmbo O`¨V gmiJm¨dHa `m¨Zr [V[Wà_mUo [edO`¨Vr gmOao Hamdr Ago AmìhmZ Hobo. Ë`mgmRr dV©_mZnÌmV OmhramVr [Xë`m. `m nmRr_mJo gmiJm¨dHam¨Mo [edam`m¨~m~V ào_ ZgyZ dmX [Z_m©U HaUo hr ^y[_Hm hmoVr. gmiJm¨dHam¨Zr [VWrMm AmJ«h YaVmM Ë`mgmRr nwa¨Xao, ~oSoHa, _oh¨Xio `m¨Zr [VWr g_W©ZmW© gmiJm¨dHam¨Zm nÌ [Xbr. emgZmÀ`m g[_VrV AgUmao nwa¨Xao [VWrÀ`m åhUOoM ~«m÷Um¨À`m HinmV Kwgbo. åhUOo nwa¨Xao ho [edmOr ào_r ZgyZ [QiH, gmiJm¨dHa B.~«m÷Uào_r d [d¿Zg¨Vmofr AmhoV ho [gÕ hmoVo. gmiJm¨dHa, nwa¨Xao, ~oSoHa Am[X ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edO`¨Vr [VWrà_mUo ìhmdr hm AmJ«h Yabm. [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmarI-[VWrMm dmX HmoUË`mhr amOHr` njmZo [Z_m©U Hobobm ZgyZ nwa¨Xao, ~oSoHa Am[U gmiJm¨dHa `m¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobm. nU hm dmX gd©Ì ìhmdm `mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr `mbm amOHr` ñdén [Xbo. AZoH amÁ`HVmªZm _m[hV Zmhr Hr hm dmX ~«m÷Um¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobobm Amho. `mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr Zoh_rà_mUo Y_©-g¨ñH¥VrMo hË`ma nwTo Hobo. ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmaIobm [damoY Va [VWrMm AmJ«h Yabm. `m _mJrb fS`¨Ì Hm`? VmaIoà_mUo [edO`¨Vr gmOar Pmbr Va dmX g¨nyZ XoemV d OJmV [edO`¨Vr hmoB©b, HmaU XoemVrb J«m_n¨Mm`V, emim, Hm°boOog² nmgyZ Ý`m`mb`, g¨gX B.gd© Hma^ma VmaIoà_mUo MmbVmV. VmarI dfm©VyZ EHXmM Am[U EHmM _[hÝ`mV `oVo. Ë`m_wio dmX g¨nVmo. gaHmar ~±Hm, Hm`m©b`o, emim, _hm[dÚmb`mV [edM[aÌmda ^mfUo hmoVmV. Ë`m_wio [edam`m¨Mo Iao [edM[aÌ OZVobm g_OVo. Iao [edM[aÌ g_Obo Va ~hwOZg_mO ~«m÷Umbm _m\ HaUma Zmhr, hr ^rVr ~«m÷Um¨Zm Amho. åhUyZ ~«m÷U [edM[aÌmV, O`¨VrV dmX [Z_m©U HaVmV. åhUOo à[V[H«`m XoÊ`mVM ~hwOZ g_mOmMr eºr IM© ìhmdr hm ~«m÷Um¨Mm Smd Amho. B¨J«Or H°bo¨Sa åhUyZ VmaIobm [damoY HaUmao ~«m÷U _mÌ ñdV: B¨J«Or [eHVmV. B¨J«Or g¨JUH, _mo~mB©b dmnaVmV. O`¨V gmiJm¨dHa H°bo¨Sa OmZodmar EodOr M¡Ì _[hÝ`mV Hm ~mOmamV AmUrV ZmhrV? H°bo¨Sa _Ü`o VmaIoMo AmHSo _moRo d [VWrMo bhmZ Hm QmHVmV? ~«m÷Um¨Zm AmO B¨J«Or Am[U nydu B¨J«Om¨[edm` Ha_V ZìhVo Vo AmO [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmaIobm [damoY HaVmV. ~«m÷U [edO`¨VrgmRr [VWrMm AmJ«h Hm YaVmV? [VWrà_mUo XoemVrb HmoUVmhr Hma^ma MmbV Zmhr. Amnbo Jm¨d, emim, Xoe [VWrà_mUo Zmhr Va VmaIoà_mUo MmbVmo. [VWr à_mUo dmX Hm`_ amhVmo. HmaU [VWr HYr _mM©_Ü`o Va HYr E[àb-_o _Ü`o `oVo. [VWrà_mUo J«m_n¨Mm`V qHdm àmW[_H emim XoIrb MmbV Zmhr. [edmOramOo Va [dœd¨Ú Ago `wJnwéf AmhoV. [VWrV ASH[dÊ`mBVHo amOo bhmZ ZmhrV. [edam`m¨Zm bhmZnU XoDZ amOo Hm`_ dmXmV ahmdoV `mgmRr gmiJm¨dHam¨Zr VmarI-[VWrMm dmX [Z_m©U Hobm. [VWr Ambr Hr n¨Mm¨J Ambo, n¨Mm¨J Ambo Hr ^QOr Ambm. ^QOrMr amoOJma h_r Mmbmdr Am[U dmXmVM [edam` d [ed^º g¨nmdoV `mgmRr ^QOr [VWrMm AmJ«h YaVmV. VmarI [VWrMm dmX bmdyZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr [ed^ºmV XmoZ JQ nmSbo VmaIoMo Am[U [VWrMo [ed^º Agm g¨Kf© ~«m÷Um¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobm. [edam`m¨Mr XmoZ doim O`¨Vr HéZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr EH _hmZ amOmMr qQJb bmdbobr Amho. ~«m÷U HYr JwéZmZH, _hmdra, ~wÕ, ^maVaËZ Sm°.~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHa `m¨À`m O`¨VrgmRr [VWrMm AmJ«h YaVmV Hm? Vmo g_mO OmJm Agë`m_wio ~«m÷U ho YmSg HaV ZmhrV. ~«m÷Um¨Zr Sm°. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHam¨À`m O`¨VrgmRr [VWrMm AmJ«h Yamdm, Hm` hmoVo Vo nmhm. [_Ìhmo, EHm [RHmUr [edM[aÌmd ì`m»`mZmgmRr Jobmo AgVmZm VmarI-[VWrÀ`m dmXmdéZ XmoZ njm¨À`m Hm`©HË`m©V àM¨S dmXmdmXr Mmby hmoVr hm àg¨J nmhyZ Iyn dmB©Q dmQbo. [edM[aÌmda [dMma HaÊ`mEodOr O`¨VrMm dmX Hm`©HVo© HaV hmoVo. `m_mJo ~hwOZm¨Mo AkmZ Va ~«m÷Um¨Mm Hw«anUm Amho. nU XmoÝhr njmÀ`m Hm`©HVmªZm [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmarI [VWrÀ`m dmXmMo _wi Ooìhm g_Obo Vo¨ìhm gd© _V^oX [dgéZ gdmªZr 19 \o~w«dmarbm [edO`¨Vr OmoaXma gmOar Hobr.
[edmOramOm¨da dma HaUmam H¥îUm ^mñHa HwbHUu A\ObImZ hm amOm¨À`m ^oQrÀ`m [Z[_ÎmmZo Rma _maÊ`mgmRr Ambobm Amho. hr ImÌrbm`H ~mV_r éñVw_oO_mZZo amOm¨Zm gm¨[JVbr. A\ObImZ [dOmnwahyZ WoQ dmB©V Ambm. Vmo VwiOmnya qHdm n¨Tanyabm Jobm Zmhr. (g¨X^©-goVy _mYd nJSr [b[IV [edM[aÌ EH Aä`mg) ^mdZm ^S[dÊ`mgmRr ImZmZo _wVuMr [dQ¨~Zm Hobr, Agm OmUrdnyd©H ImoQm B[Vhmg [b[hbm Jobm. A\ObImZ dmB©V Amë`m~amo~a dVZmgmRr dmB©Mo ~«m÷U ImZmbm ^oQbo. d [edam`m¨Zm Rma _maÊ`mgmRr gd© àHmao ghHm`© HaÊ`mMo Ë`mZr ImZmbm Z[^dMZ [Xbo, `m àg¨Jr ImZmMm dHrb _wgb_mZ ZìhVm, Va H¥îUm ^mñHa HwbHUu hm hmoVm. Ë`mZo amOm¨Mr AZoH Jw[nVo ImZmbm gm¨[JVbr. àË`j A\ObImZ ^oQrÀ`m àg¨Jr amOm¨À`m A¨Jmda [MbIV Agë`mZo amOm¨Mo àmU dmMbo. amOm¨Zr ImZmbm Rma _mabo. `màg¨Jr H¥îUm ^mñHa HwbHUuZo amOm¨À`m Hnmimda VbdmarMm dma Hobm. (g¨X^© ~._mo nwa¨Xao [b[IV- amOm [edNÌnVr) amOm¨À`m A¨JmV [MbIV Amho, `mMr ImÌr HwbHUubm Pmbr hmoVr. åhUyZM HwbHUuZr amOm¨À`m Hnmimda dma Hobm. amOm¨À`m g¨nyU© Am`wî`mV HmoUrhr amOm¨Zm OI_ Hé eHbm Zmhr. AmJ«m, nÝhmim, emB©ñVoImZ hëbm `m àg¨Jr amOm¨À`m Hogmbmhr Y¸m bmJbm Zmhr. A\ObImZ, [XboaImZ, Am¡a¨JOo~, [gÕr, g¡æ`X ~¨Sm `m¨ZmXoIrb amOm¨Zm OI_ HaÊ`mV `e Ambo Zmhr. Vo Hm_ H¥îUm HwbHUuZo Hobo. HwbHUubm ImÌr hmoVr Hr amOm AmnUmbm Rma _maUma Zmhr. HmaU ~«÷hË`m nmn Amho. ho J¨«WmV [b[hbobo Amho. nU amOm¨Zr Hnmimda dma HaUmè`m XheVdmXmMo _yi H¥îUm HwbHUuMo VwHSo-VwHSo Hobo. åhUOo amOm¨Zr J¨«Wàm_mÊ` ZmHmabo. ^y[_nwÌm¨Mo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U HaUmè`m amOm¨da HwbHUuZo n[hbm dma Hobm hmoVm. `màg¨Jr [gÕr B~«m[h_ ho amOm¨Mo A¨JajH hmoVo. amOm¨da dma HaUmè`m gæ`X ~¨Smbm Rma _maUmao [OdmOr _hmbo ho amOm¨Mo [Zðmd¨V A¨JajH hmoVo, åhUOo [_Ì HmoU Am[U eÌy HmoU? `mMm [dMma dmMHm¨ZrM Hamdm. A\ObImZ H~ar~m~V Qmhmo \moSUmam¨Zr [dMma Hamdm Hr, A\ObImZmbm àVmnJSmn`ªV `oÊ`mg HmoUr _XV Hobr? boIHm¨Zr amOm¨da dma HaUmè`m H¥îUm HwbHUuMm H¥îUmOr Hobm Va amOm¨Mo ajH HaUmè`m [OdmOr _hmbo¨Mm [Odm Hobm.
[edam`m[déÕ bTUmar am`~mKrU Xoe_wI [edmOramOo nÝhmiJSmda ASHë`mZ¨Va emB©ñVoImZ nwUo `oWo Ambm. emB©ñVoImZbm [dO` [_i[dÊ`mgmRr am`~mKrU Xoe_wI(~«m÷U) hr HmaVb~ImZmÀ`m Im¨Úmbm Im¨Xm bmdyZ amOm¨À`m [déÕ bTbr. C_aqISrV amOm¨À`m g¡[ZHm¨Zr [VMm nam^d Hobm. VarXoIrb am`~mKrU _`on`ªV amOm¨À`m [déÕ bTbr. `mMm AW© ~«m÷Um¨Zm amOm¨À`m ñdamÁ`mnojm Am¡a¨JOo~-AmXrbehmMo amÁ` hdo hmoVo. am`~mKrUMm nVr CXmam_ Xoe_wI hm XoIrb _moKbm¨Mm gaXma hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m AHmbr [ZYZm_wio am`~mKrUrbm _moKbm¨Zr gaXmaHr ~hmb Hobr hmoVr. åhUyZM am`~mKrU _moKbm¨Mr _Ou amIÊ`mgmRr amOm¨Zm [damoY HarV hmoVr. HmaVb~ImZmÀ`m Im§Úmbm Im¨Xm bmdyZ bTUmar am`~mKrU emB©ñVoImZmMr [hVqMVH hmoVr.
[XboaImZmÀ`m `emgmRr HmoQrM¨Sr`k HaUmao 400 ~«m÷U [edmOramOm¨Mm nam^d HaÊ`mgmRr O`qgJgh [XboaImZ bmImo g¡[ZH KoDZ nwa¨Xabm Ambm. [XboaImZmbm `e [_imdo `mgmRr nwUo `oWo 400 ~«m÷U [XboaImZmbm ^Qbo d HmoQrM¨Sr`k HaÊ`mMm gëbm [Xbm. amOm¨Mo ñdamÁ` g¨nmdo Am[U [XboaImZMm [dO` ìhmdm `mgmRr 400 ~«m÷U HmoQrM¨Sr `kmÀ`m AZwðmZmg ~gbo. `mdoir [XboaImZmHSyZ 2 HmoQr hmoZ (ghm HmoQr é.) `m ~«m÷Um¨Zr KoVbo. åhUOo [dO` HmoUmMm Hm hmoB©Zm Amnë`mbm n¡gm [_imdm d [edmOr-[XboaImZ `m¨Mo `wÕ ìhmdo hr d¥Îmr AgUmao ~«m÷U hoM amOm¨Mo eÌy hmoVo. `m `km_wioM [XboaImZmbm àoaUm [_imbr d amOm¨Mm XméU nam^d Pmbm. (g¨X^©-g^mgX [b[IV lr.[edà^w¨Mo M[aÌ) `m [RHmUr [edam`m¨Mr AË`¨V _hËdmMr ^y[_Hm àHfm©Zo OmUdVo, Vr åhUOo amOm¨Zr HmoQrM¨Sr`k Hobm Zmhr. nwÊ`mVrb ~«m÷Um¨Zm [XboaImZmnojm amOm¨À`m amOJSmMo A¨Va Odi hmoVo, nU [XboaImZmMr ^oQ Ë`m¨Zr Hm KoVbr? `mMm AW© amOm¨Zr `k Hamdm Agm à`ËZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobm Agmdm. nU amOm¨Zr `k HaÊ`mg gm\ ZHma [Xbm. `mMm AW© amOm¨Mm `m IwiMQ [dYrda [dœmg ZìhVm, ho ñnï hmoVo. `k, A[^foH, gË`Zmam`U, nwOm-AMm©, J¨«W nRUmZo g_ñ`m gwQUma ZmhrV. `mMr nyU© OmUrd amOm¨Zm Pmbr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio amOm¨HSyZ n¡gm CHiÊ`mMm nwamo[hVm¨Mm Smd `eñdr Pmbm Zmhr. åhUOo ~«m÷Um¨Mo bj n¡gm, gÎmm Am[U g¨nÎmrda AgVo. Ë`mgmRr Vo HmoUmMrhr ~mOy KoVmV Am[U ^m¨SU bmdyZ ñdV:Mo [hV gmYVmV. åhUyZM [edmOramOm¨Zm g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr nwÊ`mVrb ~«m÷Um¨Zr [XboaImZmMr ~mOy KoVbr. HmaU Ë`m¨Zm dmQbo Agmdo Hr, [XboaImZ-O`qgJmÀ`m P¨PmdmVmnwTo amOm¨Mm [Z^md bmJUma Zmhr. åhUyZ `eñdr _moJbm¨ZmM ghHm`© Hamdo. nU amOm¨Zr VhmÝd`o [dO` [_idbm. Am[U nwTo Ooìhm amOm¨Mm `emMm AmboI dmTV Jobm. Voìhm ~«m÷Um¨Zr amOm¨Mr ~mOy KoVbr. nU `m ghHm`m©_mJo nyU© Tmo¨JrnUm hmoVm. ho amÁ`[^foHmÀ`m àHfm©Zo OmUdbo.
Am¡a¨JOo~mÀ`m nXar AgUmè`m O`qgJmMm g[Md CX`amO CX`amO ZmdmMm ~«m÷U amOm O`qgJmMm g[Md hmoVm. Ë`mZo O`qgJmbm [df XoDZ _mabo. O`qgJmMo _hÎdmMo XßVa Ë`mZo nidbo. Vmo nwTo Am¡a¨JOo~mHSo Jobm Am[U _wgb_mZ Pmbm. CX`amOMm Vm[b`maImZ Pmbm. `mMmM _wbJm [hXm`VImZ nwTo _moJbm¨À`m nXar hmoVm. Imo~ao [VHSo Mm¨J^bo hr ~«m÷Um¨Mr g¨ñH¥Vr Amho.
Am¡a¨JOo~mMm àYmZ aKwZmWXmg aKwZmWXmg ZmdmMm ~«m÷U Am¡a¨JOo~mMm àYmZ hmoVm. [edam`m¨Mo amÁ` g¨nmdo `mgmRr Vmo Zoh_r à`ËZ[eb hmoVm. Am¡a¨JOo~m~Ôb ào_ åhUyZ Vmo ~mXehmHSo ZìhVm. nX Am[U n¡gm [_imdm åhUyZ Vmo ~mXehmHSo hmoVm. ~«m÷Um¨Mo ào_ \º n¡gm Am[U ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWoda AgVo, Ë`mgmRr ~«m÷U dmQob Vr ZmQHo HaVmV. à[VJm_r ~amo~aM nwamoJm_rnUmMo XoIrb Vo ZmQH HaVmV, nU AmVyZ nwamoJm_r, à[VJm_r, [dkmZdmXr, X¡ddmXr Ago gd© ~«m÷U EHM AgVmV.
Am¡a¨JOo~mMm [edZoardarb [HëboXma Am~m^Q Am~m^Q ZmdmMm ~«m÷U Am¡a¨JOo~mÀ`m nXar [edZoarMm [HëboXma hmoVm. [edam`m¨Zr [edZoar qOHÊ`mgmRr Am~m^Qmda hëbm Hobm. Vo¨ìhm àmU dmM[dÊ`mgmRr [Hëbm Vmã`mV XoVmo Ago Vmo amOm¨Zm åhUmbm. Am~m^QmZo [Hëbm Va [Xbm ZmhrM `mCbQ Vmo Am¡a¨JOo~mHSo niyZ Jobm Am[U _wgb_mZ Pmbm. Am~m^QmMm AãXwb AOrP Pmbm nU AmOMo ~«m÷U àMma HaVmV Hr," AJa [edmOr Zhr hmoVo Vmo g~Hr gwÞV hmoVr'! _J gm¨Jm, [edmOramOo AgVmZm Am~m^QmZo gwÝVm Hm Hobr? [edmOramOm¨Mo Zmd KoDZ ^maVr`m¨Zm ^rVr XmIdm`Mr Am[U ñdV: AmVyZ _w[ñb_m¨er g¨~¨Y Rodm`Mm hr hOmamo dfm©nmgyZ ~«m÷Um¨Mr Mmb Amho. Ë`m_wio _w[ñb_, ~m¡Õ, [I«íMZ Amnbo eÌy ZgyZ ~«m÷U hoM ^maVr`m¨Mo Iao eÌy AmhoV.
[gÕrbm _XV HaUmao _waJwS Zm¨XJm¨d `oWrb Omoer [edam`m¨À`m OrdZmVrb gdm©V _moRo eë` åhUOo amOm¨Zm O¨[Oam [Hëbm HYrM qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. amOm¨Zr AZoH doim à`ËZ Hobm. nU amOm¨Zm `e Ambo Zmhr. Varhr amOo ZmC_oX Pmbo ZmhrV. O¨[Oam [Hëbm amOm¨Zm Hm qOHVm Ambm Zmhr? Ë`m_mJo Hm` HQHmañWmZ [eObo hmoVo? `mMm WmoSm emoY KoUo AË`¨V _hËdmMo Amho. _waJwS Zm¨XJm¨d `oWrb Omoer hm [g[ÕÀ`m nmRrer hmoVm. åhUyZM amOm¨Zm O¨[Oam qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. Ë`m OmoerZo [gÕrbm [Hëbm ~m¨YÊ`mMm gëbm [Xbm hmoVm d Ë`mbm nm`m^aUrMm _whyV© gm¨[JVbm. Ë`mà_mUo [gÕrZo (h~erZo) Hobo. OmoerZo h~erbm gm¨[JVbo, Hr "Vy [Hëbm _whyVm©da ~m¨Ybm AmVm O¨[Oam 300 dfo© VwÂ`mHSoM amhrb. HmoUmbmhr Vmo qOHVm `oUma Zmhr!' åhUOo X[jUoÀ`m énmZo A_mn n¡gm [_i[dUmè`m Omoerbm amOm¨nojm [gÕrMr OmñV HmiOr hmoVr. HmaU Ë`m OmoerZo [Xboë`m daXmZm_wioM O¨[Oè`mMm [gÕr [ZTm©dbm hmoVm. Ë`mZo g¨^mOramOm¨Zm XoIrb Iyn Ìmg [Xbm. OmoerÀ`m daXmZm_wioM [gÕrMm AmË_[dœmg dmTbm. Va ñdamÁ`mV [^Vr [Z_m©U Pmbr. HmaU Ë`m HmimV amOo [dkmZ[Zð hmoVo, nU gm_mÝ` OZVoda Xodm-Y_m©Mm nJSm hmoVm. åhUyZM O¨[Oam qOHVmZm _mdiçm¨À`m (g¡[ZHm¨À`m) _ZmV ^rVrMo dmVmdaU hmoVo. [^Vr AgUmao g¡[ZH OmñV g¨»`oZo Am[U eñÌgÁO Agbo Varhr [dO` [_idy eHV ZgVmV. amOm¨Zm OmoerMr HQHmañWmZo _m[hVr hmoVr Var XoIrb amOm¨Zm `m WmoVm¨SmHSo Xwb©j Hobo. Am[U O¨[Oè`mda hëbm Hobm. nU amOm¨Zm O¨[Oam qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. O¨[Oè`mnojm [HVrVar HRrU [Hëbo amOm¨Zr qOHbo hmoVo. nÝhmbm Va Hmo¨SmOr \OªXZr \º 50 _mUgo KoDZ qOHbm hmoVm, nU O¨[Oam qOHÊ`mgmRr bmImo én`o IM© Hobo, hOmamo g¡[ZH YmamVrWu nSbo, nU [Hëbm [gÕrHSoM am[hbm, `m An`emMo HmaU Amho _yaJwS Zm¨XJm¨dMm Omoer! [gÕrbm `e [_iÊ`mgmRr à`ËZ HaUmam d g_mO_Zmda ^rVrMo dmVmdaU [Z_m©U HéZ Ý`yZJ¨S [Z_m©U HaUmam Omoer hmM ñdamÁ`mMm d [edmOramOm¨Mm Iam eÌy hmoVm. _waJwS Zm¨XJm¨d `oWrb OmoetMo Ogo amOm¨da ào_ ZìhVo, VgoM [gÕrda XoIrb ZìhVo. VarXoIrb [gÕrbm O¨[Oam ~m¨YÊ`mgmRr OmoeZo _whyV©-n¨Mm¨JmìXmao _XV Hobr. `m _mÜ`_mVyZ Omoerbm Iyn YZg¨nÎmr [_imbr, åhUyZM Ë`mZo [gÕrbm _XV Hobr. åhUOo ~«m÷U \º AW©gÎmm _O~yV HaUo hm CÔoe AgVmo. Ë`mgmRr OmoerZo n¨Mm¨JmìXmao ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWm KQQ² HaÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hob. 500 dfo© [Hëbm AqOŠ` amhrb Ago daXmZ XoUmè`m OmoerZo EHm AWm©Zo ^[dî`emñÌmMo _hËd nQdyZ XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm. ^[dî`emñÌ ho ~«m÷Um¨Zm OJÊ`mMo d ~hwOZ g_mOmbm Hm`_Mo Jwbm_ ~Z[dÊ`mMo emñÌ Amho. åhUOo OmoerZo [gÕrHSyZ A_mn g¨nÎmr Va CHirM, nU ~hwOZ g_mOmbm 500 dfmªMr [^Vr OmoerZo XmI[dbr. [edmOramOm¨ZmM Hm` nU Ë`m¨À`m HmoUË`mhr [nTrbm O¨[Oam qOHVm `oUma Zmhr hm [dfmar ~«m÷Ur [dMma ~hwOZm¨À`m _mZJwQrda OmoerZo Hm`_Mm ~g[dbm. nU `m [RHmUr AË`¨V _hËdmMr ~m~ åhUOo [Hëbm qOHÊ`mgmRr [edmOramOm¨Zr à`ËZ Hobo. Ë`mZ¨Va g¨^mOramOm¨ZrXoIrb O¨[Oè`mMr _hËdmHm¨jr `moOZm hmVr KoVbr. nU AMmZH Am¡a¨JOo~mMo _hmamï—da AmH«_U Pmë`m_wio g¨^mOramOm¨Zm hr _mohr_ AÜ`m©da gmoSmdr bmJbr. AWdm g¨^mOramOm¨Zr `m Hw«a ~«m÷Ur ì`dñW[déÕ bTm C^mabm AgVm.
_WwaoVrb ~«m÷Um¨Zm [edmOramOm¨Zr "X_' [Xë`m_wioM g¨^mOramOo gwa[jV [edmOramOo AmJ«m H¡XoV ASHë`mZ¨Va _hmamï—mV Wm¨~bobo d [XboaImZ `m¨Zm ~«m÷Um¨Zr Iyn _XV Hobr. Var XoIrb Aem H[RU àg¨Jr [OOm_mVm¨Zr I¨~ranUo ñdamÁ`mMo ajU Hobo. EHhr [Hëbm O`qgJmbm qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. B¨M^a ^y[_XoIrb _moJb-AmXrbehm `m¨Zm qOHy Z XoUmè`m [OOmD _m°gmho~m¨gma»`m [Z^uS _mVm amOm¨À`m nmRrer hmoË`m åhUyZ amOo AmJ«m `oWyZ dofm¨Va HéZ [ZgQbo. (amOo noQmè`mVyZ Zìho, Va dofm¨Va HéZ [ZgQbo.) `màg¨Jr amOm¨À`m _Zmda [HVr XSnU Agob? XyaMo A¨Va, àdmgmMr gmYZo ZmhrV, nmdbmonmdbr eÌy AmhoV, gmo~V ZD dfm©À`m gwnyÌ g¨^mOr Amho. Aem àg¨Jr g¨^mOrbm Rodm`Mo HmoRo? hm àíZ amOm¨nwTo hmoVm. Ë`mdoiog _moamon¨V qnJioMo ZmVodmB©H _WwaoV hmoVo. VoWo g¨^mOrbm RodÊ`mMm [ZU©` amOm¨Zr KoVbm. nU amOm¨Zm [^Vr hmoVr Hr n¡emÀ`m A[^bmfoZo ho ~«m÷U HXm[MV g¨^mOrbm eÌyÀ`m ñdmYrZ HaVrb. HmaU amOo ~«m÷Um¨Zm Mm¨JboM AmoiIyZ hmoVo. [HVrhr [OdbJ _¡Ìr Agbr Var ñdmWm©gmRr ~«m÷U Hgm Jim KmoQVmV hm Ë`m¨Mm àmMrZ HmimnmgyZMm B[Vhmg amOm¨Zm Mm¨JbmM _m[hV hmoVm. amOm¨Zr g¨^mOrbm [ÌH_bÀ`m ñdmYrZ Hobo. Ë`m àg¨Jr amOm¨Zm [Ì_b ~¨Y¨yZm "g¨^mOrÀ`m Ordmg YmoHm Pmë`mg Vw_Mm àmU KoB©Z' Agm Bemam amOm¨Zr Ë`m¨Zm [Xbm. Ë`mMà_mUo g¨^mOrbm XoIrb EHm¨VmV ~aoM _mJ©Xe©Z Hobo Am[U amOo naV Ambo. A\ObImZ, emB©ñVoImZ, O`qgJ Am[U Am¡a¨JOo~mMr \[OVr HaUmao [edmOramOo Amnbm d¨ehr [eëbH RodUma ZmhrV `mMr [^Vr [Ì_b ~¨Yy¨Zm dmQV hmoVr. åhUyZM g¨^mOramOm¨er Ë`m¨Zr XJm \SHm Hobm Zmhr. åhUOo [Ì_bm¨Zr g¨^mOramOm¨Zm ào_m_wio Zmhr Va [^Vr_wio gm¨^mibo hmoVo. (g¨X^©-N.g¨^mOr ñ_maH J«¨W, n¥.178-Sm°. O`qgJ ndma)
amOmam_mÀ`m OÝ_mdoir [edam`m¨Zm ^rVr XmI[dUmao Y_©_mVªS [edam`m¨Zm gmo`am~mB©À`mnmoQr 24/2/1670 amOmam_ ZmdmMm _wbJm Pmbm. _wbmMm OÝ_ nmbWm Pmbm hmoVm. Ë`màg¨Jr EHm n¨[SVmZo amOm¨Zm ^rVr KmVbr Hr, nmbWo OÝ_Uo Aew^ Amho. amOm¨Zm ^rVr KmbyZ `k, A[^foH, gË`Zmam`U, nyOm-AMm©, AZwðmZ Hamd`mg bmdm`Mo d amOm¨HSyZ n¡gm, gmoZo CHim`Mo hm Smd Ë`m n¨[SVmMm hmoVm. nU amOo ho IaoM OmUVo (OmUUmao) amOo hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zr Ë`m n¨[SVmMm Jw[nV Hmdm AmoiIbm. amOo Ë`m n¨[SVmbm åhUmbo, Á`mAWu _mPm _wwbJm nmbWm OÝ_bm Ë`mAWu Vmo [XëbrMr nmVemhr nmbWr KmVë`m[edm` amhUma Zmhr. Ago amOo åhQë`mda Vmo n¨[SV W¨SM nSbm. HmaU amOo Amnë`mbm de hmoV ZmhrV `mMr Ë`mbm ImÌr nQbr. nU amOm¨Zm nmdbmonmdbr ^rVr KmbÊ`mMm d ZmC_oX HaÊ`mMm à`ËZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobm Amho. Am¡a¨JOo~, AmXrbehm, [gÕr, nmoV©wJrO, SM, A\ObImZ, [XboaImZ, emB©ñVoImZ ho amOm¨Mo CKS eÌy hmoVo, Vo amOHr` eÌy hmoVo (Ym[_©H Zìho). Ë`m¨À`m [déÕ amOo SmdnoM AmIV hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zm amOm¨Zr AZoHdoim nam^yV Hobo. nU [_ÌmMo gmo¨J KoDZ ~hwOZà[VnmbH NÌnVr [edam`m¨Mm HmQm HmTUmao ~«m÷U hoM amOm¨Mo Iao eÌy AmhoV. HmaU Ë`m¨À`m[déÕ amOm¨Zm SmdnoM AmIVm `oV ZìhVo. åhUyZM Ë`m¨Zr amOm¨Mm AdgmZKmV Hobm. åhUyZM amOm¨Zm nwa¨XaMm Vh Hamdm bmJbm d AmJ«m `oWo Omdo bmJbo. Am[U H¡XoV ASHmdo bmJbo.
~mnyImZmbm _XV HaUmam ZmJmoOr n¨[SV ~mnyImZ hm AmXrbehmMm nÝhmiçmdarb [HëboXma hmoVm. nÝhmim qOHÊ`mgmRr [edam`m¨Zr Hmo¨SmOr \OªX `m¨Zm nmR[dbo. Hmo¨SmOtZr ~mnyImZmda hëbm Hobm Ë`m àg¨Jr ZmJmoOr n¨[SV ZmdmMm ~«m÷U AmXrbehmÀ`m nXar ~mnyImZmMm _XVZrg åhUyZ Hm_ HaV hmoVm. ~mnyImZmMm nam^d Pmë`mMo g_Oë`m~amo~a ZmJmoOr n¨[SV nimbm. Mam`bm nwTo Am[U _am`bm _mJo Ë`mbm n¨[SV åhUVmV. n¡gm Am[U nXmgmRr ~«m÷U HmoUerhr VSOmoSr HaVmV d XoemV X¨Jbr KS[dVmV.
[edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm qhXyY_m©Mm C\© ~«m÷UY_m©Mm [damoY _moJb, AmXrbehm, B¨J«O Am[U nmoVw©Jmb `m¨À`m OmoISmVyZ Xoe~m¨Ydm¨Zm _wº Hoë`mZ¨Va [edam`m¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmMm [ZU©` KoVbm. naHr` gÎmm amOm¨Zm ehmOramOo `m OhmJraXmamMm ~¨SImoa nwÌ g_OV. Va ~«m÷U amOm¨Zm amOm _mZmd`mg V`ma ZìhVo. BVa amOm¨er Vh-dmQmKmQr HaVmZm ASMUr `oV. `m ASMUr Xya HaÊ`mgmRr d ~hwOZ XoIrb ñdV:Mo ñdV¨Ì amÁ` d amOm [Z_m©U Hé eHVmV. hm AmË_[dœmg [Z_m©U HéZ hOmamo dfm©Mr Jwbm_[Jar g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr [edam`m¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmMm [ZU©` KoVbm. [edam`m¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmMr KmofUm Hoë`m~amo~a amOm¨Zm qhXwY_m©Zo HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm. AmVm qhXyY_© åhUOo Hm`? ho g_OyZ KoUo _hËdmMo Amho. qhXyY_m©Mo _wiMo Zm¨d d¡[XH Y_© Amho. doX ho qhXyY_m©Mo Y_©J«¨W Amho. Oo doX ~«m÷U gmoSyZ BVam¨Zm dmMÊ`mg ~¨Xr hmoVr. d¡[XH Y_m©bmMm nwTo ~«m÷UY_© Ago hr åhQbo OmD bmJbo. g¨nwU© ~hwOZm¨Mo gd© joÌmVrb ZoV¥Ëd HaÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~«m÷UY_© `m ZmdmMm Ë`mJ Hobm d qhXy ho Zm¨d YmaU Hobo. AmO Omo qhXyY_©. hm _wiMm ~«m÷UY_©-d¡[XH Y_© Amho. åhUyZM qhXyY_m©À`m HmoUË`mhr J¨«WmV qhXy `m eãXmMm CëboI Zmhr. nU doX, d¡[XH, ~«m÷U ho CëboI gd©Ì gmnSVmV. qhXwY_m©Vrb à_mU^yV J¨«W ~«m÷Um¨Zr [b[hbobo AmhoV. Ë`m_wio Vo ~«m÷Um¨À`m \m`XmMo d ~hwOZm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaUmao AmhoV. qhXyËd åhUOo Iao ~«m÷UËd Amho. qhXyËdmgmRr Omoer, HwbHUu, Xoenm¨So, [^So, RmHao, EH~moQo HYrM _aV ZgVmV. nU qhXwËdmÀ`m Zmdm¨Imbr Oo¨ìhm gÎmm `oVo Vo¨ìhm gd© _w»` OmJm ~«m÷U ~iHmdVmV. _am`bm _amRo Am[U Mam`bm _ZwdmXr gamQo åhUOoM qhXwËd hmo`. qhXy hr naHr`m¨Zr nam^yV ^maVr`m¨Zm [Xbobr CnmYr Amho. qhXy `mMm AW© Xmg, Jwbm_ Am[U nam^yV! åhUyZ Am¡a¨JOo~mZo Oo¨ìhm ^maVr`m¨Zm [O[P`m Ha gwé Hobm Voìhm ~«m÷Um¨Mo EH [eï_¨Si Am¡a¨JOo~mbm OmDZ ^oQbo Am[U åhUmbo, Amåhr [O[P`m Ha ^aUma ZmhrV Voìhm Am¡a¨JOo~mZo [dMmabo, Hm?> Voìhm ~«m÷U åhUmbo Amåhr ^maVr` Zmhr. Amåhr XoIrb Vw_À`mgmaIo naXoemVyZ Ambobmo AmhmoV. Ë`m_wio Amåhr ^maVr` åhUOoM qhXy Zmhr. \ma Va Amåhr Vwåhmbm [O[P`m Ha qhXyHSyZ dgyb HéZ XoVmo! åhUOo nhm, Á`m ~«m÷Um¨Zr Amnë`m nyd©Om¨HSyZ [O[P`m Ha dgwb HéZ _moJbm¨Zm [Xbm. VoM ~«m÷U AmO qhXwËdmMo RoHoXma AmhoV. Vo Zoh_r Amnë`mnwTo `oDZ åhUVmV Jd© go Hhmo h_ qhXy h¡! åhUOo Jd© go Hhmo h_ nam^yV h¡& Xmg h¡& Jwbm_ h¡& ho Amnë`mbm åhUm`bm bmdVmV. åhUyZM ~mimgmho~ RmHao `m¨Mo dSrb à~moYZHma RmHao åhUVmV. qhXyY_© ho [~Z~wSmMo [nMHo JmSJo Amho. qhXyY_© ho EH ^Qr Jm¡S~¨Jmb Amho. ~hwOZm¨Zm \g[dUmam Y_© åhUOo qhXyY_© Amho. ~hwOZm¨Zm bwQUmgmRr qhXyY_m©Vrb _¨Xram¨Mm Z¨~a n[hbm Amho. qhXyY_m©Vrb nwamU¨ åhUOo em¡MHyn (g¨Smg) Amho. ~hwOZm¨Zm Jwbm_ HaÊ`mgmRr qhXyY_m©V ^Qm¨Zr AZoH J¨«W [b[hbo. (g¨X^©- XodimMm Y_© Am[U Y_m©Mr Xodio) VmËn`© qhXyËd åhUOo ~«m÷UËd Amho. Á`mdoiog AmnU Iar gÎmm [_idVmo. Vo¨ìhm qhXyÎddmXr åhUOoM ~«m÷U Vr gÎmm dmnaÊ`mg [damoY HaVmV. [edam`m¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmMr KmofUm HaVmM gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm eyX« åhUyZ [damoY Hobm. naeyam_ ZmdmÀ`m ~«m÷Um¨Zo n¥Ïdrdarb gd© j[Ì` 21 doim Rma _mabobo AmhoV. Ë`m_wio EHhr j[Ì` [eëbH Zmhr. ~«m÷U gmoSyZ gd©OU eyX« AmhoV. eyX«mbm amOm hmoÊ`mMm A[YHma Zmhr. Aer AmoaS ~«m÷Um¨Zo _w[ñb_ amOmbm [damoY Hobm Zmhr. `mCbQ _w[ñb_m¨À`m Xa~mamV ~«m÷U A[YHmè`m¨Mm ^aUm hmoVm. åhUOo _w[ñb_m¨Zm AmZ¨XmZo amÁ` Hé XoUmao ~«m÷U [edam`m¨À`m [déÕ EHOmV CRbo. Voìhm [edam`m¨Zm dmQbo, gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr [damoY Hobm Var ghHmar [_Ì AgUmao _moamon¨V qnJio, AÊUmOr XÎmmo B. ~«m÷U [_Ì _¨Ìr ghHm`© HaVrb. nU amOm¨Mm Anojm^¨J Pmbm. _moamon¨V qnJio ^a Xa~mamV amOm¨Zm åhUmbm, Vwåhm eyX« _amRçm¨À`m hmVmImbr Amåhr ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hgo Hm_ Hamdo? ghHmar AgUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨Zr XoIrb [edam`m¨Zm Vmo¨SmdaM [damoY Hobm. åhUOo ~«m÷U hm ~«m÷UM AgVmo. ho gd© n¨VmZo XmIdyZ [Xbo. ~«m÷U [_Ì Oar Agbm Var AmUr~mUrMm àg¨J `oVmM ~«m÷U nmRrV I¨Ora IwngVmo. ho _moamon¨VmZo XmIdyZ [Xbo. gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm Ìmg Úm`bm gwédmV Hobr. Á`m [edam`m¨Zr gd© ~«m÷U ghHmè`m¨Zm [OdmnmS Onbo, g¨HQg_`r àË`oHmbm _XV Hobr. VoM ~«m÷U [edam`m¨er d¡è`mgmaIo dmJw bmJbo. ñdamÁ`mVrb d ~mhoarb gd© ~«m÷U EH Pmbo. åhUOo ~«m÷U HmoUË`mhr JQmV, njmV, g¨KQZoV, g¨ñWoV, n¨WmV Agbo Var AmVyZ gd© ~«m÷U EH AgVmV. ho amÁ`m[^foHàg¨Jr [gÕ Pmbo. naXoemVyZ Amboë`m ~«m÷Um¨Zr ñdV:À`m [hVmgmRr [b[hboë`m ~ZmdQ nmoÏ`m-nwamUm¨Mm AmYma KoDZ [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm [damoY Hobm. [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm Y_©g¨[hVm d nwamo[hVM [_iy Úm`Mm Zmhr Agm M¨J XoemVrb gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~m¨Ybm. VarXoIrb amÁ`m[^foHmMm [ZU©` amOm¨Zr Rm_nUo KoVbm. Aem àHmao [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm ~«m÷UY_m©Zo åhUOoM qhXyY_m©Zo HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm. Am[U déZ [edam`m¨Zm qhXyY_©ajH, qhXdr ñdamÁ` g¨ñWmnH åhQbo OmVo. hr [edam`m¨Mr Hy«a Moïm Amho. Á`m¨Zr [damoY Hobm. Ë`m¨Mo amÁ` amOm¨Zm Ano[jV Agob Hm? [edam`m¨Mm qhXw, qhXdr, qhXwËd `mMoer A[O~mV g¨~¨Y Zmhr. [edM[aÌmV HmoRohr qhXy, qhXdr Am[U qhXwËd `mMm CëboI Zmhr. [edam`m¨Mm dmna HaÊ`mgmRr Z¨Va Vo [edM[aÌmV KwgSÊ`mV Ambo. [edam`m¨Zr ~hwOZm¨Mo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. [edmOramOo Oa qhXyËdmgmRr bTbo, Va _J qhXw¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmbm [damoY Hm Hobm? amÁ`m[^foHmbm gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr [damoY Hobm Vo¨ìhm gd© ~hwOZ g_mO [edam`m¨À`m nmRrer C^m am[hbm. gd© _amRo XoIrb [edam`m¨À`m nmRrer I¨~ranUo C^o am[hbo. EHhr _amRm amOm¨À`m [damoYmV ZìhVm. åhUOo `mnwdu [edam`m¨Zm Á`m _amRçm¨Zr [damoY Hobm Vmo AkmZm_wio Hobm. am_XmgmMo EoHyZ Hobm. amÁ`m[^foHàg¨Jr qhXyY_m©Zo [edam`m¨Mm Hobobm Ni 1668 nmgyZ [edmOramOm¨Zr am`JSmda amOYmZr Hobr hmoVr. am`JS hm AË`¨V HRrU d gwa[jV Agm [Hëbm Amho. HSo Vmerd d C¨M AmhoV. JSmMr bm¨~r 4 [H. _r. d é¨X 1 [H. _r. Amho. JSm^modVr HRrU Smo¨Jaam¨Jm AmhoV. HmoUË`mhr eÌybm am`JS qOHUo AeŠ` Amho. Agm am`JS [edam`m¨Zr amOYmZrgmRr [ZdSbm. JSmdarb ~m¨YHm_ [edam`m¨Zr ñdV: HéZ KoVbo. ñdamÁ`mVrb AZoH [Hëbo [edam`m¨Zr ñdV: ~m¨Ybo. [edmOramOo CÎm_ ñWmnË`Vk (B¨[O[ZAa) hmoVo. Aem am`JSmda amÁ`m[^foH HaÊ`mMm amOm¨Zr [ZU©` KoVbm. amÁ`m[^foH[XZ Ogm Odi `oD bmJbm. Ver ~«m÷Um¨Mr HQHmañWmZo gwé Pmbr. nU amO_mVm [OOmD_m±gmho~ [edam`m¨À`m nmRrer I¨~ranUo Cä`m hmoË`m. `màg¨Jr [OOmD¨Mo d` 76 dfm©Mo hmoVo. `m d`mVhr [OOmD¨Mo Y¡`©, HamarnUm VoOñdr hmoVm. amÁ`m[^foHmbm EHhr nwamo[hV [_iy Úm`Mm Zmhr. Agm M¨J XoemVrb gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~m¨Ybm. `màg¨Jr Hm`ñW à^y AgUmao ~mimOr AmdOr `m¨Zr nwamo[hVmMm emoY gwé Hobm. ~«m÷U-Hm`ñWm¨Mo hmSd¡a Agë`m_wio Hm`ñW amOm¨À`m ~mOwbm hmoVo. ~mimOr AmdOrZo _hmamï—mVrb gd© ^QOtZm nm¡amo[hË`mgmRr [dMmabo, gdmªZr [edmOr eyX« Amho. Amåhr `oUma Zmhr Ago Hi[dbo. Vo¨ìhm ~mimOr AmdOrZo JmJm^Åmbm ~mobm[dÊ`mgmRr Hoed^Q, ^mbM¨X«^Q Am[U gmo_ZmW `m VrZ ~«m÷Um¨Zm Hmerbm nmR[dbo. JmJm^ÅmZo `m [VKm¨Odi [edmOr eyX« Agë`m_wio _r `oUma Zmhr, Ago ñnï Hi[dbo. ([_Ìhmo, ~«m÷U Amnë`m XoemV `oÊ`mnydu HmoUrhr hbHo ZìhVo, HmoUrhr gdU© ZìhVo, gd©OU g_mZ hmoVo. nU Amnë`mda amÁ` HaÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr dU©, OmVr [Z_m©U Hoë`m d ñdV:HSo loðËd KoVbo. `mMm àgma HaÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr J¨«W [b[hbo. Ë`mbmM qhXyY_m©Mo J¨«W åhUVmV. `m J¨«WmZrM [edam`m¨Zm eyX« Ra[dbo. ~«m÷U, j[Ì` Am[U d¡í` ho [dXoer Am`mªMo dU© AmhoV. _wiMo ^maVr`m¨Zm Am`mªZr eyX« KmofrV Hobo.) Hoed^Q, ^mbM¨X«^Q, gmo_ZmW^Q Am[U JmJm^Q `m Mma ^QmV JwßV HQ Pmbm Agë`m_wio ~mimOr AmdOrZo Amnë`m [dœmgmVrb Hm`ñW AgUmè`m [Zimo `ogmOrbm nwÝhm: JmJm^ÅmHSo nmR[dbo. `màg¨Jr [edam`m¨Mo _yi KamUo CX`nyaMo Agë`mMr ~ZmdQ HmJXnÌo ~mimOrZo JmJm^ÅmHSo nmRdbr. [edmOramOm¨À`m ^mogbo KamÊ`mMm amOñWmZmer Hgbmhr g¨~¨Y ZgyZ ^mogbo KamUo _wiMo _hmamï—mVrb doéiMoM Amho. ho ~mimOrbm Am[U JmJm^Åmbm Mm¨Jbo _m[hV hmoVo. ~mimOrZo n¡emMo Am[_f XmI[dVmM JmJm^Å gd©J¨«W Jw¨SmiyZ am`JSmÀ`m nm`Ï`mOdirb nmMmSmV Ambm. ~«m÷U ho J¨«Wm¨Mo d Xodm¨Mo ~mn ([Z_m©Vo) Agë`m_wio JmJm^Åmbm J¨«Wàm_mÊ`mnojm n¡gm _hÎdmMm dmQbm. JmJm^Å nmMmSmV Amë`m~amo~a _moamon¨V qnJioZo JmJm^ÅmMr ^oQ KoVbr d amÁ`m[^foH Pmbm Va ~«m÷Um¨Mo dM©ñd g¨nob d [edmOr loð Raob, Ë`m_wio amÁ`m[^foH Hé Z`o. Agm gëbm JmJm^Åmbm [Xbm. JmJm^ÅmZo bJoM gaSçmgmaIm a¨J ~Xbbm. [edam`m¨Zm amÁ`[^foH HaÊ`mg ZHma [Xbm. [edmOramOo ewX« Agë`m_wio Ë`m¨À`m EodOr ~mimOr AmdOrbm amÁ`m[^foH HaÊ`mMm JmJm^ÅmZo [ZU©` KoVbm. åhUOo amÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo [edam`m¨Zr d [ZU©` KoVmo ^QOr. Hm`ñWm¨Mr amOm¨da [ZVm¨V lÕm Agë`m_wio [edmOramOo Am[U Hm`ñWmV \yQ nmSÊ`mgmRr JmJm^ÅmZo hm Smd QmHbm. ~hwOZm¨Vrb HV¥©ÎdmZ ZoV¥Îd g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr [Z[îH«` _mUgmbm ZoVo nX XoUo d gyÌ hmVmV KoUo. hm EH ~«m÷Um¨Mm Zoh_rM Smd AgVmo. `mgmRr JmJm^ÅmZo ~mimOr AmdOrMo Zm¨d nwTo Hobo. nU _moamon¨V qnJio¨gh gd© ~«m÷Um¨Mo Am[U Hm`ñW ~mimOr AmdOrZo hmSd¡a Agë`m_wio ~mimOr AmdOrMohr Zm¨d _mJo nSbo. amÁ`m[^foHmgmRr ~mimOrAmdOrnojm [edmOramOm¨HSyZM A[YH n¡gm [_iob d ~mimOr AmdOrbm amÁ`m[^foH Hobm Va [edmOramOo d gd© àOm ~«m÷Umbm Hmnë`m[edm` amhUma ZmhrV `m [^Vr_wio d n¡emÀ`m A[^bmfoZo [edam`m¨Zm amÁ`m[^foH HaÊ`mMo [ZpíMV Pmbo. àW_ ~mimOr AmdOrbm j[Ì` åhUyZ amÁ`m[^foH HaÊ`mMm [ZU©` KoUmè`m JmJm^ÅmZo Hm`ñW Hgo hbHo AmhoV ho gm¨JÊ`mgmRr JmJm^År` Zm¨dmMm J§«W [b[hbm. åhUOo _moamon¨V qnJioÀ`m Vmbmda ZmMUmam JmJm^Å nXmonXr nJSr [\adyZ gaSçmgmaIm a¨J ~XbV hmoVm. [edam`m¨Zr aºmMo nmUr HéZ ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. nU amOo loð Hm H[Zð AmhoV. ho Ra[dÊ`mMo Hm_ ~«m÷U HaV hmoVo. amÁ`m[^foHmMm AmZ¨XXm`r gmohim nU ~«m÷Um¨Zr dmX CnpñWV Hoë`m_wio JSmda d ñdamÁ`mV AË`¨V qMVoMo d VUmdmMo dmVmdaU hmoVo. Á`m¨Zm AmnU Amnbo åhUVmo Aem ^Qm¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm àW_mnmgyZM [damoY Hobm hmoVm. AmVm Va Vo amOm¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmÀ`m [damoYmV EHOmV gd©OU C^o am[hbo. ~mimOr AmdOrZo n¡emMo Am[_f XmI[dVmM JmJm^Å amÁ`m[^foH HaÊ`mg V`ma Pmbm. Amnë`m~amo~a AZoH ^Qm¨Mm \m`Xm hmoB©b Aer ì`dñWm JmJm^ÅmZo Hobr. amÁ`m[^foHmMm [Xdg [ZpíMV Pmbm. [edam`m¨Mo gd© ~hwOZ ghHmar amÁ`m[^foHmÀ`m V`marbm bmJbo. [hamoOr \OªX, _Xmar _ohÎma, h¨[~aamd _mo[hVo, ZmJmoOr OoYo, `ogmOr H¨H BË`mXr ghHmar Amboë`m nmhwÊ`m¨Mr ì`dñWm HaUo, gm[hË` AmUUo B. Hm_o Hé bmJbo. [OOmD ñdV:OmVrZo bj XoV hmoË`m. [edam`m¨Zr [OOmD¨Mo Xe©Z KoVbo. amÁ`m[^foHmgmRr gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr KmVbobm Kmoi d Hobobm [damoY `m_wio [OOmD_m±gmho~ àM¨S [MSbobm hmoË`m. Y_©- g¨ñH¥VrÀ`m Zm¨dmImbr ^Qm¨Zr [edam`m¨Mm gwé Hobobm Ni `m_wio ~hwOZ g_mO AñdñW Pmbm hmoVm. ñdV:Mr ñdV¨Ì Y_©g¨[hVm Zgë`m_wio d¡[XHm¨À`m C\© ~«m÷Um¨À`m åhUOoM qhXyÀ`m Y_©J«¨Wmda amOm¨Zm Adb¨~yZ ahmdo bmJbo (åhUyZM AmO [edam`m¨À`m àoaUoVyZ [edY_mªMr ñWmnZm Pmbobr Amho. 17ì`m eVHmV [edY_© AgVm Va ^Qm¨Mm [damoY HaÊ`mMo HmaUM ZìhVo. (qhXy) Y_© hm ^Qm¨Mm Agë`m_wio amÁ`m[^foH àg¨Jr amOm¨Mm Ni Hobm d A_mn n¡gm bwQbm.) amÁ`m[^foHàg¨Jr d«mË`mñVmo_ HaÊ`mgmRr JmJm^ÅmZo 7000 (gmV hOma) hmoZ KoVbo. Va BVa ~«m÷U nwamo[hVm¨gmRr 17000 hmoZ KoVbo. amOm¨À`m 5 OyZÀ`m ñZmZmÀ`m doir Cn[ñWV AgUmè`m àË`oH ~«m÷Umbm 100 hmoZ XoÊ`mV Ambo. amÁ`m[^foHmbm 50,000 (nÞmg hOma) ~«m÷U Cn[ñWV hmoVo. Ago g^mgX [b[hVmo. åhUOo \wHQ AÞ d hmoZ [_iUma åhUyZ HmoUVrhr àdmgm¨Mr AmYw[ZH gmYZo ZgVmZm XoemVyZ nÞmg hOma ~«m÷U am`JSmgma»`m H[RU [RHmUr Ambo hmoVo. [edam`m¨Mr gwdU©Vwbm HaÊ`mV Ambr. amOm¨Mo dOZ 160 nm¡¨S åhUOo 17000 hmoZ Pmbo. Vo hmoZ, Vyn, bmoUr, gmIa, \io, gwnmar, éno, Vm¨~o, bmoI¨S ~«m÷Um¨Zr KoVbo. `mgmRr A¨XmOo 50000 hmoZ Jobo. 7 OyZ amÁ`m[^foHmÀ`m Xwgè`m [Xder àË`oH ~«m÷Umbm 2 hmoZ d ~«m÷UñÌr d ~«m÷U _wbo `m¨Zm àË`oHr 1 hmoZ KoVbm. (EH hmoZ åhUOo 3 én`o) åhUOo Á`m¨Zr [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm [damoY Hobm. Ë`m¨ZrM ñdamÁ`mMr byQ Hobr. amÁ`m[^foHmg EHyU 4 HmoQr 26 bmI én`o IM© Pmbm. [edam`m¨À`m g¨nwU© Am`wî`mV ñdamÁ`[Z_m©U HaÊ`mgmRr OodTm n¡gm IM© Pmbm Zmhr. Ë`mnojm A[YH n¡gm ~«m÷Um¨Zr bwQbm. [edam`m¨À`m _mdiçm¨Zr aºmMo nmUr HéZ H_mdbobo hmoZ _ZwdmXr Hmdiçm¨Zr Y_m©À`m ZmdmImbr amOamognUo ni[dbo. [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm ew^oÀNm XoÊ`mgmRr SM, \o«¨M, nmoVw©Jmb, B¨J«O, _moJb, AmXrbehm, HwVy~ehm `m¨Mo à[V[ZYr _m¡ë`dmZ ^oQdñVy d ZOamUo KoDZ Ambo hmoVo. Á`m B¨J«Om¨À`m gm_«mÁ`mdaMm gw`© HYrhr _mdiV Zmhr Ago åhQbo OmVo Aem B¨J«Om¨Mm à[V[ZYr hoÝar Am°qŠPSoZ amÁ`m[^foHmbm ew^oÀNm XoÊ`mgmRr C¨MrdñÌo d A_wë` ^oQdñVy KoDZ amOm¨nwTo ZV_ñVH hmoDZ Ambm. ^oQdñVy [Xë`m d amOm¨Zm _wOam HéZ _mJë`m nmdbmZo Xa~mamVyZ ~mhoa nSbm. amOm¨HSo Ë`mZo nmR Hobr Zmhr. nU Amnbo åhUyZ Amnë`m HinmV Kwgboë`m ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edam`m¨Mm Ni Hobm. [edam`m¨Zr hm [damoY _moSyZ amÁ`m[^foH nma nSbm. Amnë`m AmB©bm, gd© _hmamÊ`m¨Zm, Jmoa-Jar~m¨Zm amOm¨Zr Xa~mamVm gÝ_mZmZo ~g[dbo. ñdamÁ`mV amÁ`m[^foH gdmªZm nhmVm `mdm `mgmRr amOm¨Zr g¨H[ënV doiobm gd© JSmda Vmo\m¨Mm AmdmO Hobm. hm AmdmO a`VoÀ`m HU©nQbmda-_ZnQbmda d Z¨Va ZoÌnQbmda C_Qdbm. Hy«a [damoYmVyZ XoIrb amOm¨Zr amOm¨Zr amÁ`m[^foH Hobm d hmVmV Ý`m`X¨S d amOX¨S KoVbm. àOobm Iyn AmZ¨X Pmbm. ~«m÷Um¨Mo Ym~o XUmUbo. amÁ`m[^foHmnmgyZ [edam`m¨Zr Zdm [edeH gwé Hobm. gd© Hma^ma [edeHmà_mUo gwé Pmbm. (hm [edeH nwTo noeì`m¨Zr ~¨X Hobm Am[U _wpñb_m¨Mm \gbr eH gwé Hobm. [edmOrnojm noeì`m¨Mo _w[ñb_g¨ñH¥Vrda OmñV ào_ hmoVo. åhUOo _wpñb_m¨Mm AZwZ` d Ë`m¨À`m XmTçm HwadmiÊ`mMo Hm_ ~«m÷Um¨Zr (noeì`m¨Zr) Hobo. Aem noeì`m¨Mm e[ZdmadmSm _hmoËgd gmOam HaUo åhUOo XoeX«moh Amho HmaU e[ZdmadmSm hm ^maVr`m¨À`m nam^dmMo d noeì`m¨À`m ì`[^MmamMo à[VH Amho.) [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmZ¨Va JmJm^ÅmMm _¥Ë`y Pmbm. Ë`mMo àoV EHm em¡MHynmV (g¨SmgmV) gmnSbo. Vo¨ìhm XoemVrb gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr àMa gwé Hobm Hr, [edmOramOo eyX« AgVm¨Zm XoIrb JmJm^ÅmZo amÁ`m[^foH Hobm åhUyZM JmJm^ÅmMm em¡MHynmV nSyZ _¥Ë`y Pmbm. [edam`m¨HSyZ [_imboë`m n¡em_wio JmJm^Å _mVbm d Ë`mZo ImUo d Xmé [nUo gwé Hobo. ZeoV Vmo _obm. Var XoIrb [edam`m¨Zm H_r boIÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr darb àMma gwé Hobm. [edmOramOo qhXyY_m©Mo Hr [edY_m©Mo? [edOramOm¨Zr AWH n[al_mZo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. OJmVrb HmoUË`mhr Y_m©À`m ì`ºrbm qHdm amOmbm Ë`mÀ`m Y_m©Mo [dYr HaÊ`mg [damoY Hobm OmV Zmhr. g_Vm ho Y_m©Mo _hÎdmMo _yë` Amho. EHmM Y_m©Vrb loð Am[U H[Zð ì`ºrbm Y_m©Mo AmMma, [dMma, AÜ``Z HaÊ`mMr nadmZJr AgVo. [edam`m¨Zr Va Amnbo HV¥©Ëd A[daV HïmZo, Mm[aÍ`mZo, [ZîHb¨H d¥ÎmrZo [gÕ Hobobo hmoVo. Var XoIrb Ë`mM Y_m©Vrb ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edam`m¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm [damoY Hm Hobm? `mdéZ EH ~m~ [gÕ hmoVo Hr [edam`m¨Mm d ~«m÷Um¨Mm Y_© EH Zmhr. Y_© EH AgVm Va ~«m÷Um¨Zr AmZ¨XmZo Am[U \wHQ amÁ`m[^foH Hobm AgVm. `mDbQ Ë`m¨Zr amOm¨Zm Iyn Nibo. VoM qhXyËddmXr (~«m÷U) AmO [edam`m¨Mo ^m¨Sdb HéZ OJVmV. [edmOramOo _hmZ namH«_r, ~wÕr_mZ, Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ, àOm[hVXj Am[U Ý`m`r AgVmZm XoIrb HmoUË`m Y_m©Zo amOm¨Zm eyX« Ra[dbo? Ë`m¨Zm eyX« RadyZ Ë`m¨Mo HV©¥Ëd ZmHmaUmam d naXoemVyZ Amboë`m Am`©~«m÷Um¨Zm loð Ra[dUmam qhXyY_© amOm¨Mm Y_© Agy eHVmo Hm? qhXyY_m©Zo ^maVr`m¨À`m g¥OZ[ebVoda HSH [Z~ªY KmVbo. g_wX« Amobm¨SUo, eñÌ YmaU HaUo, [ñÌ`m¨Zm ñdmV¨Í` XoUo, [ejU XoUo, g_Vm nmiUo `mda qhXyZr (~«m÷Um¨Zr) HSH ~¨YZo KmVbr. [edam`m¨Zr hr ~¨YZ VmoSbr. [edam`m¨Zr g_wX« Amobm¨Sbm, Ama_maXb C^mabo, ~hwOZm¨À`m hmVmV AÝ`m`m[déÕ bTÊ`mgmRr eñÌo [Xbr, [ñÌ`m¨Zm ñdmV¨Í` [Xbo, ñdV: AmB©HSyZ [ejU KoVbo, g¨^mOramOm¨Zm [ejU [Xbo. qhXyMo J¨«Wàm_mÊ` ZmHmabo d g_Voda AmYmabobo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. _J gm¨Jm [edmOramOo Hgo qhXy RaVmV? qhXyËd åhUOo ~«m÷UÎd Amho ho AmoiIUmao O¡Z, ~m¡Õ, [eI hr Amnbr ^md¨S AmhoV. Ë`m¨Zr d¡[XHm¨Mm åhUOoM ~«m÷Um¨Mm Hw«anUm AmoiIbm d O¡Z, ~m¡Õ Am[U erI ho ~«m÷Ur Y_m©nmgyZ ñdV¨Ì Pmbo. O¡Z, ~m¡Õ, erI Y_m©V ~«m÷Um¨Zm ZmH IwngÊ`mMr g¨Yr Zmhr. åhUyZM `m XoemV O¡Z, ~m¡Õ Am[U [eIm¨Mr àJVr Pmbr. [edmOramOm¨Zr XoIrb ñdV¨Ì hmoÊ`mgmRr à`ËZ gwé Hobo hmoVo. amÁ`ì`dhma HmoemMr [Z[_©Vr Hobr. [edeH gwé Hobm, ñdV¨Ì [edamB© hmoZ hr MbZ nÕVr gwé Hobr. ñdV¨Ì amÁ`Hma^ma, Ý`m`nm[bHm gwé Hobr, [ednyÌ g¨^mOramOm¨Zr Y_©[M[HËgm gwé Hobr. ^Qm¨Mr gd© HQHmañWmZo bjmV Amë`m~amo~a amOm¨Zr ñdV¨Ì ì`dñWm[Z[_©Vr gwé Hobr. [edmOramOo OJbo AgVo Va Ë`mMdoir [edam`m¨Zr [edY_m©Mr ñWmnZm Hobr AgVr. Ë`m_wioM 3 E[àb 1680 amoOr _moamon¨V qnJio Am[U AÊUmOr XÎmmo `m¨Zr amOm¨Mm IyZ Hobm. [edmOramOm¨Zm amÁ`m[^foH HaUo AË`mdí`H hmoVo. nU ñdV:Mr Y_©g¨[hVm Zgë`m_wio amOm¨Zm ~«m÷Um¨À`m åhUOoM qhXy Y_m©da Adb¨~yZ ahmdo bmJbo. [edam`m¨Zm ñdV:Mm Y_© AgVm Va ~«m÷Um¨Zr amÁ`m[^foH àg¨Jr Ni Hobm ZgVm. amOm¨À`m Hma^mamV ZmH Iwngbo ZgVo. [edam`m¨Mr Ym[_©H ~mOy gm¨^miUmao g¨V VwHmam_ _hmamO `m¨Mm ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edam`m¨À`m ~mbnUr IyZ Hobm. AÝ`Wm g¨V VwHmam_m¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmn`ªV ñdV¨ÌY_© ñWmnUo Hobm AgVm. Am[U ~«m÷Um¨Zr åhUOoM qhXyY_m©Zo [edam`m¨Mm Hobobm Ni, Hobobm [damoY, eyX« åhUyZ Hobobr AdhobZm `mMm ~Xbm KoVbm AgVm hr JaO AmoiIyZ XoemVrb AZoH Aä`mgHm¨Zr, g¨emoYHm¨Zr, [dMmad¨Vm¨Zr, Xoe^º g_mO gwYmaHm¨Zr [edam`m¨À`m [dMma àoaUoMm [edY_© ñWmnZ Hobobm Amho. [edY_© hm [edam`m¨Mm Y_© Amho. [ed åhUOo [edmOr! [ed åhUOo gË`, _¨Jb_` Am[U CXmÎm! [edY_m©V AgË` Hmhrhr Zmhr. g¨V VwHmam_ _hmamO, ehmOramOo, g¨^mOramOo, VmamamUr `m¨À`m HV©¥ËdmMm d [dMmam¨Mm A_yë` Rodm åhUOo [edY_©! ñdmV¨Í`mMr AmÚOZH amO_mVm [OOmD_m±gmho~ `m¨Zm àoaUm ñÌmoV _mZyZ EH_od Am[U n[hbmMm Y_© Amho. Á`m¨Zr Amnë`mgmRr g¨nwU© Am`wî` Kmb[dbo. VoM [edY_m©Mo Xod AmhoV. ~«m÷U[Z[_©V ImoQo, Hmën[ZH Xod Am[U J¨«W `mbm [edY_m©V A[O~mV ñWmZ Zmhr. [edam`m¨Zm NiUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨Zm [edY_m©V A[O~mV àdoe Zmhr. AmVm dmMHm¨Zr Radmdo hr [edam`m¨Zm eyX« Ra[dUmam, amÁ`m[^foH ZmHmaUmam, A_mn n¡gm KoDZ amÁ`m[^foH àg¨Jr NiUmam qhXyY_© [edam`m¨Mm Hm [edam`m¨À`m [dMma àoaUoVyZ [Z_m©U Pmbobm [edY_© [edam`m¨Mm? [edmOramOo Y_©[ZðqhXy AgVo Va amOm¨Zr amÁ`m[^foH Hobm ZgVm, HmaU ~«m÷UoÎmam¨Zm amÁ`m[^foH HaÊ`mg ~¨Xr hmoVr. amOo Y_©[Zð qhXy åhUOoM ~«m÷U[Zð AgVo Va amOm¨Zr g_wX« Amobm¨Sbm ZgVm, H¥îUm HwbHUubm Rma _mabo ZgVo, eyX«m[VeyX«m¨Zm A[YHma nXmda Zo_bo ZgVo, amOo Y_©[Zð qhXy AgVo Va gË`Zmam`U, `k, A[^foH Hobm AgVm. _whyV© nm[hbm AgVm, amoO ^Q [Z[_©V J¨«Wm¨Mr nmam`Uo Hobr AgVr. `m CbQ amOm¨Zr ^Q[Z[_©V gd© qhXyJ«¨Wm¨Zm bmW _mabr. amOo Y_©[Zð qhXy AgVo Va Ë`m¨Zr amoO ~«m÷Um¨Mm gëbm KoVbm AgVm, `mCbQ amOm¨Zr AZoH ~«m÷U Hmnbo d åhUmbo ~«m÷U åhUyZ HmoU _wbm[hOm Hé nhmVmo? `mdéZ [gÕ hmoVo Hr [edmOramOo [edY_m©Mo AmhoV. qhXyY_m©À`m Nim_wio [OOmD_m±gmho~mMo Xw:IX [ZYZ [edmOramOm¨Zm eyX« åhUyZ amÁ`m[^foH ZmHmabm. Y_©-g¨ñH¥VrÀ`m ZmdmImbr JmJm^ÅmZo [damoY Hobm. `m An_mZm_wioM [OOmD _m±gmho~m¨gmaIm ñdamÁ`mMm AmYmadS 17 OyZ 1674 amoOr Hmogibm. amÁ`m[^foH Pmë`mZ¨Va bJoMM 10 [Xdgm¨Zr [OOmD¨Mo Z¡g[J©H [ZYZ hmoUo eŠ` Zmhr. åhUOo ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWoZo _m±gmho~m¨Mm XoIrb ~ir KoVbm. namH«_r, [dìXmZ, àOmdËgb AgUmè`m _m±gmho~m¨Mm ~ir KoUmam Y_© _m±gmho~m¨Mm Y_© hmoDM eHV Zmhr. `mgmRrM _amRçm¨Zm [edY_m©Mr JaO Amho. [edam`m¨Mm Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH-[edY_m©Mr nm`m^aUr [edam`m¨Mm 6 OyZ 1674Mm amÁ`m[^foH åhUOo `m XoemVrb ~«m÷Um¨Zr n¡gm [_idyZ amOm¨Mm d ~hwOZm¨Mm Hobobm \ma _moRm Ni hmoVm. nU Amnbm Y_© Zgë`m_wio ~«m÷Um¨À`m qhXyY_m©da [edam`m¨Zm Adb¨~yZ ahmdo bmJbo. ho eë` amOm¨Zm hmoVoM. åhUyZM [edam`m¨Zr 24 gßQo¨~a 1674 amoOr Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH Ad¡[XH nÕVrZo Hobm. `mgmRr [ZíMbnwar Jmogmdr `m¨Zr nm¡amo[hË` Hobo. `mgmRr A[YH à[gÕr qHdm IM© Ambm Zmhr. `m amÁ`m[^foHàg¨Jr EHhr An_mZmñnX KQZm KSbr Zmhr. [edam`m¨Zr Hobobm Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH åhUOo Ë`m¨Zr ~«m÷UrY_© (qhXyY_©) ZmHmaë`mMo [gÕ hmoVo. qhXyY_m©Vrb J¨«W ~«m÷Um¨À`m [hVmMo d ~hwOZm¨À`m KmVmMo AmhoV ho amOm¨Zr hoabo. qhXwËd åhUOo ~«m÷UËd Amho ho amOm¨Zr AmoiIbo. åhUyZM amOm¨Zr Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH Hobm. [edam`m¨À`m OrdZmV Xwgè`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm \ma _moRo _hËd Amho. Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH Amnë`mbm Iam Y_© gm¨JVmo. åhUyZ ~«m÷U Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH gm¨JV ZmhrV. Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH åhUOo [edY_m©Mr nm`m^aUr Amho. Xwgam amÁ`m[^foH 24 gßQo¨~a hm [edY_©[XZ (~hwOZ_wºr[XZ) Amho.
[edam`m¨Mo _wi amOñWmZ Hr _hmamï— [edmOr _hmamOm¨Mo nwd©O amOñWmZ _Yrb [ggmo[X`m d¨emVrb hmoVo. Agm J¡ag_O AZoH bmoHm¨Mm Amho. Á`mdoiog amOm¨À`m amÁ`[^foHmbm ~«m÷Um¨Zr eyX« åhUyZ [damoY Hobm. Voìhm ~mimOr AmdOr `m¨Zr ZHma XoUmè`m JmJm^Åmbm [Z_¨[ÌV HaÊ`mgmRr MmVw`© dmnabo d ImoQr d¨emdi [Xbr. Voìhm JmJm^Å n¡emÀ`m A[^bmfoZo amÁ`m[^foHmgmRr Ambm. åhUOo amÁ`m[^foHmÀ`m nwV©VogmRr ~mimOr AmdOr `m¨Zr [Xbobr [dg¨JV d¨emdi `mbm à_mU^yV _mZyZ [edam`m¨Zm [ggmo[X`m d¨emVrb Ra[dbo. ho AZ¡[Vhm[gH Amho. [edmOramOm¨Mo nyd©O _hmamï—mVrbM _yb [Zdmgr AmhoV. Ë`m¨Mm CXonyaÀ`m KamÊ`mer Hgbmhr g¨~¨Y Zmhr. Aer dñVwpñWVr AgVmZm amOm¨Zm amOñWmZ_Yrb Radm`Mo d _hmamï—mVM Ë`m¨Zm Cnao Radm`Mo ho ~«m÷Ur fS`¨Ì Amho.
[edmOr-ì`¨HmoOr `m¨À`m_Ü`o ^m¨SUo bmdUmam hZw_¨Vo aKwZmWn¨V hZw_¨Vo hm EH ^«ïmMmar d MhmSImoa A[YHmar V¨Omdabm ì`¨HmoOramOm¨À`m nXar hmoVm. Ë`mZo àemgZmV Hoboë`m J¨^ra MwHm¨_wio ì`¨HmoOramOm¨Zr Ë`mbm ~SV\© Hobo hmoVo. Vmo Vm[_iZmSwVyZ WoQ am`JSmda Ambm. Am[U ì`¨HmoOr amOm~m~V AZoH MhmSçm gm¨Jy bmJbm. nU amOo XyaX¥ïrMo Am[U MmUmj amOo hmoVo. amOm¨Zr hZw_¨VoMm Smd AmoiIbm. hZw_¨Vobm dmQbo ì`¨HmoOramOo amOm¨Mo gmdÌ ^mD AmhoV. Ë`m_wio amOo ì`¨HmoOrÀ`m [damoYmV ^y[_Hm KoVrb. nU amOm¨Zr `m gd© ~«m÷Um¨Mo gd© Hmdo AmoiIbobo hmoVo. amOm¨Zr X[jU _mo[h_ HmTbr. Vr ì`¨HmoOrda hëbm HaÊ`mgmRr Zìho, Va X[jUmË` amOHË`mªMr `wVr Hamdr Am[U [XëbrMo qghmgZ qOHmdo `m [demb X¥ïrHmoZmVyZ HmTbr hmoVr. aKwZmW hZw_¨Vo `m¨Zr amOm¨Mo ì`¨HmoOrer ^m¨SU bmdyZ nmoir ^mOÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm hmoVm. nU amOm¨À`m XyaX¥ïr_wio hZw_¨Vobm Ë`mV `e Ambo Zmhr.
[edam`m¨Mm AdgmZKmV HaUmam Hw_¨Ìr _moamon¨V _moamon¨V qnJio `m¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm Iyn Ìmg [Xbm. JmJm^Åmbm [\Vdbo d amÁ`m[^foHmgmRr AZoH ASMUr [Z_m©U Hoë`m. åhUyZM _moamon¨Vm¨Mm CëboI AZoH [RHmUr _`wamXr Hw_¨Ìr HaÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. [edam`m¨Zr ñdamÁ`mV [Hëbo ~m¨YÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr. Voìhm _moamon¨V Am[U [Zimon¨VmZo [Hëbo ~m¨YÊ`mg [damoY Hobm. amOo Iyn n¡gm IM© HaVmV, Agm AnàMma _moamon¨VmZo gwé Hobm. ho Ooìhm amOm¨Zm g_Obo Voìhm amOm¨Zr _moamon¨Vm¨Mr Mm¨JbrM IaSnQ²Qr Hobr. amOo åhUmbo, _bm _m[hV Amho Vwåhr [HVr ehmUo AmhmV Vo? _r [Hëbo Hm ~m¨YVmo? Ogm eoVHar eoVmV _mim ~m¨YyZ eoVrMo ajU HaVmo. ZmdmSr Ogo [Iio _méZ Zmd _O~yV HaVmo. Ë`mà_mUo [Hëbo ~m¨YyZ ^y[_nwÌm¨Mo ñdamÁ` ^¸_ Hamd`mMo Amho. Am[U Vwåhr _bm ehmUnUm [eH[dVm? Ago amOo _moamon¨Vmbm åhUVmM _moamon¨V Vmo¨S PmHyZ KamV [ZKyZ Jobm. HmaU Ë`mMm An_mZ AmOn`ªV HmoUrhr Hobm ZìhVm. (g¨X^©- dm.gr. ~o¨X«o [b[IV NÌnVr g¨^mOr _hmamO- n¥ð-84) [edmOramOm¨Zm amÁ`[^foHmÀ`m [Z[_ÎmmZo ~«m÷Um¨Mm Hy«anUm àHfm©Zo OmUdbm. [HVrhr ào_mZo dmJ[dbo, Odi Hobo, _XV Hobr Var ~«m÷U [HVr XJoImoa AgVmV. `mMm àË`j AZw^d amOm¨Zm Ambm. Voìhm amOo ~«m÷Um¨Zm CÔoeyZ åhUmbo, "" EdTr ham_Imoar Vwåhr Hamb. ~«m÷U åhUyZ HmoU _wbm[hOm Hé nmhVmo? Oo J[Z_m¨Mo, J[Z_ Vo VgmM Z[VOm nmdUma!'' [edam`m¨gma»`m [dœd¨Ú amOmZo XoIrb eodQr ~«m÷Um¨Zm ham_Imoa åhQbo d ~«m÷U åhUyZ Vw_Mr J` Hobr OmUma Zmhr. Agm Bemam [Xbm `mMm AW© amOm¨Zm [HVr Ìmg [Xbm Agob? amÁ`m[^foHmZ¨Va [edmOramOm¨Mo ZoV¥Ëd [Z[d©dmX Pmbo. gdm©Zm g_mZ Ý`m`, h¸ àñWm[nV Pmbo. ~«m÷Um¨Mo dM©ñd g¨nbo.J¨«Wm¨Mo amÁ` g¨nbo. HV©~Jma HwidmSr^yfU [edmOramOm¨Mo amÁ` Ambo. Ë`m_wio ~«m÷Um¨Mo [nÎm Idibo. amOm¨Zm Rma _maÊ`mMo à`ËZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr gwé Hobo. åhUyZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr amOm¨À`m KamV ^m¨SUo bmdÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr. ~«m÷Um¨Zr g¨^mOramOm¨Mr ~XZm_r gwé Hobr [edmOramOo X[jUoV Joë`mZ¨Va [edmOramOo Am[U g¨^mOramOo `m¨À`m_Ü`o [dVwï [Z_m©U HaÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr AZoH HQHmañWmZo aMbr. `m àg¨Jr g¨^mOramOo e¨¥Jmanwa `oWo gmgadmSrbm hmoVo. [edam`m¨À`m IyZmZ¨VaM g¨^mOramOo am`JSmda Jobo. nU _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr XÎmmo `m¨Zr [edmOramOo Am[U g¨^mOramOo `m¨À`m_Ü`o \wQ nSmdr, `mgmRr g¨^mOramOo a`Vobm HamV gdbV XoVmV, g¨^mOramOo ì`gZr AmhoV, Vo ì`[^Mmar AmhoV Aem A\dm CRdm`bm gwédmV Hobr. g¨^mOramOm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaÊ`mgmRr C_mOr n¨[SV àMmaHmgmaIm g¨nwU© _hmamï—mV [\abm. [edam`m¨À`m HmZmda hm d¥Vm¨V Aer ì`dñWm amOm¨À`m ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zr Hobr. g¨^mOr-[edmOr `m¨Mm ~o~Zmd Pmbm Hr, `m g¨Kfm©Mm \m`Xm ¿`mdm hm ~«m÷Um¨Mm Smd hmoVm. ~«m÷U WoQ HYrM bTV ZmhrV Zo Zoh_r ~hwOZmV OrdKoUr ^m¨SUo bmdVmV. Vgm à`ËZ Ë`m¨Zr amOm¨À`m KamVM gwé Hobm nU amOm¨Zr ~«m÷Um¨Mm Smd AmoiIbm hmoVm. HmaU amOm¨Mm g¨^mOramOm¨À`m Mm¨JwbnUmda [dœmg hmoVm. g¨^mOramOm¨Zr g¨nwU© Am`wî`mV _Úmbm ñne© Hobm Zmhr. Ë`m¨Zm gwnmarMo gwÕm ì`gZ ZìhVo. Ë`m¨Zr ~wÕ^wfU, gmVgVH, Zm[`Hm^oX, ZI[eI ho Mma J¨«W [b[hbo. Vo HV©ì`Xj hmoVo åhUyZM Vo bmoH[à` hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zr EHmhr ~«m÷Umbm HYrhr _wOam Hobm Zmhr. åhUyZM ~«m÷U Ë`m¨À`mda [MSbobo hmoVo. Vo g¨ñH¥V [eHbo, Ë`m¨Zr J¨«W [b[hbo hm àñWm[nV ~«m÷Um¨da Ë`m HmimV _moRm hëbm hmoVm. åhUyZM ~«m÷Um¨Zr g¨^mOramOm¨gma»`m Ydb M[aÌmÀ`m amOnwÌmMr ~XZm_r HaÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr. gmo`am~mB©bm hmVmer YaÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm. amOmam_bm JmXrda ~g[dÊ`mMo Am[_f gmo`am~mB©bm XmI[dbo. [VMo gmdÌ _mV¥Ëd OmJo Hobo. nU gmo`am~mB©Mo g¨^mOramOm¨da amOmam_mà_mUoM ào_ hmoVo. gB©~mB©À`m AHmbr [ZYZmZ¨Va gmo`am~mBªZr g¨^mOramOm¨Zm OrdmnmS Onbo. [OOmD_m±gmho~m¨À`m Hweb _mJ©Xe©Zm_wio g¨nwU© HwQw¨~ ñdamÁ`àmßVrgmRr Ü`o`doSo Pmbo hmoVo. Ü`o`dmXr HwQw¨~mV jU^¨Jwa gwImgmRr HYrhr J¨«hHbh ZgVmo. Ë`m_wio gmo`am~mB© `m [ZîHb¨H d ñdamÁ`[Zð hmoË`m. åhUyZM Ë`m eodQn`ªV ~«m÷Um¨À`m gÎmm¨VamÀ`m HQmV gh^mJr Pmë`m ZmhrV. Ë`m HQmV gh^mJr Pmë`m AgË`m Va gmo`am~mBªMo g»Io ^mD h¨~raamd `m¨Zr _mo[hVo `m¨Zr gmo`am~mB©Mr ~mOy KoVbr AgVr. nU h¨~raamd _mo[hVo _aon`ªV g¨^mOramOm¨À`m nmRrer I¨~ranUo C^o hmoVo. gmo`am~mBªMo g¨^mOrda gwnyÌm¨à_mUoM [ZVm¨V ào_ hmoVo. Va g¨^mOramOm¨Zr XoIrb amOmam_bm g»`m ^mdmà_mUo d gmo`am~mB©bm AmB©à_mUo gm¨^mibo hmoVo. amOmam_mMo VrZ [ddmh g¨^mOramOm¨Zr HéZ [Xbo. g¨^mOramOo gmo`am~mBªZm ñ\[QHmgma»`m [Z_©i _ZmMr _mVm Ago åhUV. `mMm AW© g¨^mOramOo Am[U gmo`am~mB© `m¨Mm Hgbmhr A¨JV©V Hbh ZìhVm. `mCbQ gmo`am~mB©, amOmam_, [edmOramOo `m¨Zm Ìmg XoUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨ZmM amOm¨Zr Rma _mabo. amOo [ZîHb¨H Am[U ñdamÁ`[Zð AgVmZmXoIrb amOm¨Mr gmVË`mZo ~XZm_r Hm HaÊ`mV Ambr? HmaU amOo ì`dñWoÀ`m ~¨YZmV amhUmao ZìhVo. Vo ñdV¨Ì [dMmagaUrMo hmoVo. na¨naoZo Jwbm_[Jar gmaIo qghmgZmda AméT hmoÊ`mMr ñdmWu d¥Îmr amOm¨Mr ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio g¨^mOramOm¨Mr C_oX Zï HaÊ`mgmRr Ë`m¨Mr ~XZm_r HéZ Ë`m¨Mm _mZ[gH Ni HaÊ`mV Ambm. Vo Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ Am[U ñdamÁ`[Zï hmoVo `m~m~V Xw_V Zmhr. VarXoIrb g¨^mOramOm¨Mr _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr XÎmmo, àëhmXn¨V, C_mOr n¨[SV B. ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~XZm_r Hm Hobr? HmaU g¨^mOramOm¨Zr ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWobm O~aXñV hmXam [Xbm hmoVm. Ë`m¨Zr g¨ñH¥V ^mfoda à^wËd [_i[dbo hmoVo, 4 J¨«W [b[hbo hmoVo. åhUOo g¨^mOramOm¨Zr gm[hË` joÌmVrb _ºoXmarda àhma Hobm. ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Mo g¨^mOramOm¨Zr HYrhr dM©ñd [ñdHmabo ZìhVo. Jmoa-Jar~ ~hwOZ OZVobm AZoH gdbVr [Xë`m. Ë`m¨Zr. ~«m÷Um¨Mr Aaoamdr Zï Hobr. Ë`m_wioM [edmOramOm¨À`m Aml`mbm AgUmè`m gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr g¨^mOramOm¨Mr ~XZm_rbm gwédmV Hobr. HV¥©Ëdg¨nÞ YmSgr, namH«_r, [dìXmZ ~hwOZm¨Zm g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr Ë`m¨Zr gd© ~mOy¨Zr ~XZm_r HaUo ho ~«m÷Um¨Mo [dfmar hË`ma Amho. EImÚm [ZîHb¨H [dìXmZ ~hwOZm¨Mr ~XZm_r gwé Hobr Va Vmo d¡\ë`J«ñV hmoVo. qMVmJ«ñV hmoVmo. AmnU Mm¨Jbo AgVmZm Amnbr ~XZm_r Her? `m [dMmamZo HVm© nwéf d¡\ë`J«ñV hmoVmo d Ë`mMr hiyhiy C_oX g¨nVo. amOm¨Zm ZmC_oX HaÊ`mgmRrM gd© _¨Í`m¨Zr Ë`m¨Mr ~XZm_r gwé Hobr hmoVr. g¨^mOramOm¨Zr gmo`am~mB©bm AmXamZo dmJ[dbo. VarXoIrb Aer A\dm CR[dbr Hr, am`JSmda g¨^mOr Amë`mda Ë`m¨Zr gmo`am~mB©bm [MUyZ _mabo. nU gmo`am~mB© Ë`mdoiog [Od¨V hmoË`m. Ë`mZ¨Va gìdm dfm©Zo åhUOo 27 Am°ŠQmo.1681bm gmo`am~mBªMo [ZYZ am`JSmda Pmbo. Ë`mdoir amOo nÝhmiçmda hmoVo. g¨^mOramOm¨Mr Á`m pñÌ`m¨er Zmdo OmoSbr OmVmV. Ë`m JmoXmdar, H_im, `m [ñÌ`m Va B[VhmgmV Pmë`mM ZmhrV. ~Ia, ZmQH d HmX¨~arHmam¨Zr `m [ñÌ`m¨Zm OÝ_ [Xbm. amOm¨Mr AemàHmao ~XZm_r HaUmao ho eÌy _moJbm¨nojm Hy«a AmhoV. h¡X«m~mXÀ`m ~mXehmMo A[YHmar _mXÊUm-AmHÊUm _mXÊUm Am[U AmHÊUm ho ~«m÷U h¡X«m~mXÀ`m nXar A[YHmar hmoVo. qhXyËddmXr ~«m÷U _w[ñb_ gÎmm[YemMo A[YHmar Hgo? n¡gm-gÎmm hmM ~«m÷Um¨Mm Iam Y_© Amho. Ë`mgmRr Vo Zoh_r à~i Y_©gÎmoV AgVmV. ~«m÷U naHr` Agë`m_wio Ë`m¨Zm Xoe Am[Y Y_© `m~m~V Hgbohr gmo`a-gwVH Zmhr. AmO ^maVmV ~hwOZ g_mO A[YH Amho. Ë`m¨Mo ZoV¥Ëd HaÊ`mgmRr Vo qhXyËdmMm O`O`Hma HaVmV. g_Om ^maVmV _w[ñb_ OmñV AgVo Va gJiçm ~«m÷Um¨Zr _w[ñb_m¨Mm O`O`Hma Hobm AgVm hm Ë`m¨Mm B{Vhmg Amho. AH~a, Am¡a¨JOo~, B¨J«Om¨À`m HmimV ~«m÷U Ë`m¨MoHSo hmoVo. [edmOramOm¨Mm _¥Ë`y Hr IyZ? An`e Ambo Var _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr, amhyOr gmo_ZmW Wm¨~bo ZmhrV. ZmZmàHmao [edam`m¨Zm g¨ndm`MoM hm n¸m [ZíM` Ë`m¨Zr Hobm hmoVm. Ë`m Xaå`mZ g¨^mOramOo _moJbm¨HSyZ `odyZ nÝhmim `oWo Wm¨~bo hmoVo. h¨~raamd _mo[hVohr am`JSmda ZìhVo. _moamon¨Vm¨Zm Í`¨~oHoœabm nmR[dbo hmoVo. AÊUmOr XÎmmo am`JSmÀ`m nm`Ï`mer AgUmè`m nmMmSmV Wm¨~bm hmoVm. Va JSmda amhyOr gmo_ZmW hm ~«m÷U A[YHmar hmoVm. Vmohr `m hQmV gh^mJr hmoVm. amOm¨Zm Hgë`mhr n[apñWVrV Rma _mam`Mo hm HQ _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr XÎmmo, amhyOr gmo_ZmW `m¨Zr Hobm. am`JSmMr g¨nyU© ZmHo~¨Xr HaÊ`mV Ambr. Hgë`mhr àHmaMm gwJmdm bmJUma Zmhr, `mMr XjVm `m {VKm¨Zr KoVbr. åhUyZ `m HQmMm g¨e` `oD Z`o `mgmRr _moamon¨V Am[U AÊUmOr XÎmmo KQZmñWimnmgyZ Xya Wm¨~bo hmoVo. IyZ HaUmam nmRr_mJo HmoUVmhr nwamdm amhUma Zmhr `mMr I~aXmar KoV AgVmo. `m àg¨Jr amÁ`mVrb AË`¨V _hËdmMr _mUgo am`JSmda ZìhVr. g¨^mOramOo nÝhmiJSmda hmoVo. g¨^mOramOm¨Zm [edmOramOm¨Zr nÝhmiJSmÀ`m gw^oXmanXr Zo_bo hmoVo. goZmnVr h¨~raamd _mo[hVo Vi~rS `m [RHmUr hmoVo. Vi~rS ho nÝhmiJSmnmgyZ Odi Va am`JSmnmgyZ 250 [Hbmo_rQa Amho. [edmOramOm¨À`m HwQw¨~mVrb gd© ZmVodmB©H nmMmSmV hmoVr. am`JSmda amhyOr gmo_ZmW hmoVm. Vmo Hw«a, ñdmWu, nmVmi`¨Ìr hmoVm. Agm ñnï CëboI [ed^maVmV Amho. (g¨X^©- dm.gr. ~o¨X«o [b[IV- lr. N. g¨^mOr _hmamO) `m àg¨Jr gmo`am~mB©da àM¨S X~md hmoVm. nU Ë`m Aghmæ` Agë`m_wio Hgbmhr à[VHma Hé eHë`m ZmhrV. Ë`m doiog amOmam_ \º Xhm dfm©Mo hmoVo. 3 E[àbMm [Xdg COmSbm. amOm¨À`m ^modVr ~«m÷Um¨Mo db` hmoVo. amhyOr gmo_ZmWZo JSmdaMo gd© XadmOo ~¨X Hobo. JSmdaMr HmoUVrhr ~mV_r \wQy Z`o `mMr XjVm amhyOr gmo_ZmWZo KoVbr hmoVr. HXm[MV [edmOramOm¨Zm `m HQmMm gwJmdm bmJë`m_wio [edmOramOm¨Zr AmßVñd[H`m¨Zm ~mobmdyZ KoÊ`mgmRr nÌ nmR[dbr. na¨Vy Vr nÌ HmoUmbmhr [_imbr ZmhrV. HmaU JSmMr gd© gwÌo gmo_ZmWÀ`m Vmã`mV hmoVr. Ë`m_wioM JSmda ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zr [edmOramOm¨Mm IyZ HaÊ`mMm HQ aMbm. `màg¨Jr [edmOram`m¨Mo Ooð nwÌ g¨^mOramOm¨Zm hr ~mV_r g_OUma Zmhr, `mMr O~m~Xmar KoÊ`mV Ambr. gagoZmnVr Am[U [edam`m¨Mo _ohwUo h¨~raamd _mo[hVo ho XoIrb A¨Ë`[dYrbm Cn[ñWV ZìhVo. Odi HmoUrhr ZmVodmB©H ZìhVo ZmVodmB©H ZìhVo åhUyZM gmo`am~mBªZr à[VHma Hobm Zgmdm. Am[U hm IyZ gmo`am~mBªZr Hobm Aer A\dm ~«m÷Um¨Zr CR[dbr. gËVm àmßVrgmRr ho H¥Ë` gmo`am~mBªZr Hobo Agmdo AZo AZoHm¨Zm dmQbo. HmaU amOmam_mbm bJoMM gd© ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zr qghmgZmda ~g[dbo. nU gmo`am~mBªZr amOmam_mbm JmXrda ~g[dÊ`mMm AmJ«h Hobm ZìhVm. amOmam_ Xhm dfm©Mo Agë`m_wio Amnë`m V¨ÌmZo amÁ`Hma^ma Hamdm Ago [Z`moOZ ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Mo hmoVo. [edmOramOm¨À`m IyZmZ¨Va g¨^mOramOm¨Mm IyZ Ham`Mm d Z¨Va bhmZ amOmam_Mm IyZ Ham`Mm d gd© gÎmm Vmã`mV ¿`m`Mr Agm HwQrb Smd ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Mm hmoVm. åhUyZM Vo g¨^mOramOm¨Zm AQH HaÊ`mgmRr Jobo hmoVo. nU h¨~raamd _mo[hVo `m¨À`m XyaX¥ïr_wio hm AZW© Qibm. h¨~raamd _mo[hVo ho amOmam_mMo g»Io _m_m hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Vo AmnUmbm nyU© ghHm`© HaVrb Aer Amem ~«m÷Um¨Zm hmoVr. nU h¨~raamdm¨À`m ñdamÁ`[Zðo_wio XJm~mO ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨ZmM AQH Pmbr. Á`mdoiog _hmamOm¨Mm _¥Ë`y Pmbm, Voìhm amOm¨Mo d` \º 50 dfmªMo hmoVo. amOm¨Zm HmoUVmhr AgmÜ` amoJ ZìhVm qHdm Vo àXrK© AmOmar ZìhVo. amOm¨Mr àH¥Vr [ZamoJr hmoVr. Agm ñnï CëboI "Hm°ñ_m Xr JmSm©' hm naHr` B[VhmgHma HaVmo. d`mÀ`m 50ì`m dfu amOm¨Zm Z¡g[J©H _¥Ë`y `oUo HXm[nhr eŠ` Zmhr. amOm¨Mo g_mOn[adV©ZmMo Hm`©, am`JSmdarb ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Mm A¨VJ©V [damoY, 3 E[àbMo JSmdarb g¨e`mñnX dmVmdaU, _hmamOm¨Zr nmR[dbobo nU Z [_imbobo nÌ, amOm¨Mm KmB©-KmB©Zo CaHyZ KoVbobm A¨Ë`[dYr, hr ~mV_r HmoUmbmhr g_OUma Zmhr `mMr AÊUmOr XÎmmo, amhyOr gmo_ZmW, _moamon¨V `m¨Zr KoVbobr XjVm. namH«_r, [dìXmZ, Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ Am[U Ooð nwÌ g¨^mOramOm¨EodOr 10 dfm©À`m H[Zð nwÌ amOmam_mbm JmXrda ~g[dÊ`m_mJMr ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Mr ^y[_Hm Am[U g¨^mOramOm¨Mo gm¨ËdZ HaÊ`mEodOr Ë`m¨Zm AQH HaÊ`mg Jobobo AÊUmOr XÎmmo, _moamon¨V `m gd©M ~m~t_wio [edmOramOm¨Mm ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zr IyZ Hobm ho [gÕ hmoVo. g¨^mOramOm¨Zm AQH (Rma) HaÊ`mg [ZKmboë`m _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr, àëhmXn¨V `m _¨Í`m¨Zm dmQoVM h¨~raamd _mo[hË`m¨Zr AQH Hobr. g¨^mOramOo am`JSmda Jobo. Ë`m¨Zr gd© _mVm¨Mo gm¨ËdZ Hobo. `màg¨Jr gmo`am~mBªZo [edam`m¨Zm [df [Xbo Aer A\dm hmoVr. `mMr OmUrd HXm[MV gmo`am~mBªZm gwédmVrbm Zgmdr, na¨Vw gmo`am~mB© [ZXmo©f hmoË`m ho [gÕ HaUmam EH ^¸_ nwamdm Amho. g¨^mOramOo 24 Am°JñQ 1680 amoOr åhUVmV Hr, ""gmo`am~mB© ñ\[QHmgmaIr [Z_©i _ZmMr Amho''. `mMm AW© gmo`am~mB© [ZXmo©f Va hmoË`mM, nU g¨^mOramOm¨Zm gmo`am~mB© AmXañWmZr hmoË`m. Hw_¨Í`m¨ZrM gmo`am~mB©bm g¨^mOramOm¨[déÕ ^SHm[dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm hmoVm. (g¨X^©-N. g¨^mOr-221 dm.gr.~o¨X«o) gmo`am~mB©-g¨^mOr _mVmnwÌm¨Mo g¨~¨Y Iwn ào_i hmoVoo. g¨^mOramOm¨Zr YmHQçm amOmam_ `m ^mdmbm [OdmnmS Onbo. g¨^mOramOm¨ZrM amOmam_mMr Z¨Va VrZ b¾o HéZ [Xbr. (Vmam~mB©-_mo[hVo, amOg~mB©-JmSJo, Am¨[~Hm~mB©-ImZ[dbHa) `mMm AW© g¨^mOr Am[U gmo`am~mB© `m¨À`m_Ü`o gÎmogmRr Hgbmhr g¨Kf© ZìhVm. Ë`m¨Zm gÎmm[^bmfm ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio gmo`am~mBªZr [edmOramOm¨Zm [df [Xbobo Zmhr. gmo`am~mB© IyZ HQmV A[O~mV ZmhrV. `mMm gai AW© amOm¨Mm IyZ àëhmX [ZamOr, _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr XÎmmo `m ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zr Hobm Amho, ho [Z[d©dmX gË` Amho. ho gd© _¨Ìr IyZ HQmMo gwÌYma AmhoV. àË`j IwZmMr A¨_b~OmdUr _mÌ amhyOr gmo_ZmW `m¨Zr Hobr. AmVm AmnU [edmOramOm¨À`m _¥Î`y~Ôb Xoer Am[U naXoer gmYZm¨Mm dmna Hé. nwTrb g¨X^© gmYZm¨Mr [M[HËgm HaÊ`mnwdu Ë`m gmYZm¨Mm Hmi d HVm© `mMmhr [dMma HaUo AË`¨V _hËdmMo Amho. _amRr Am[U g¨ñH¥V gmYZm¨Mo boIH ho ~«m÷U Agë`m_wio ~è`mM gË` emoYÊ`mg ASMUr `oVmV. VarXoIrb AnamYrnUmMr OmUrd g¨X^© gmYZmV àHfm©Zo OmUdë`m_wio amOm¨À`m IyZmMo _hmHmoSo gwQÊ`mg _moRr _XV Pmbr Amho. gwédmVrbm AmnU A_amRr g¨X^© gmYZm¨Mm [dMma Hé. q B¨J«Om¨Mo nÌ- ""[edmOr_hmamOm¨Mm _¥Ë`y aºm[VgmamZo Pmbm''. q nmaer HmJXnÌ (_m[gao Amb_[Jar-gmHr_wñVoXImZ)- "" [edmOr ho KmoSçmdéZ CVabo Ë`m¨Zm A[VCî_o_wio XmoZ doim aºmÀ`m CbQçm Pmë`m. Ë`m_wio Ë`m¨Mm _¥Ë`y Pmbm.'' q [^_goZ gŠgoZm (Am¡a¨JOo~mMm A[YHmar)- ""[edmOramOo AmOmar nSbo Hmhr [XdgmÀ`m AmOmamZ¨Va Vo _¥Ë`y nmdbo.'' q Im[\ImZ (_moJbgm_«mÁ`mMm B[Vhmg)- ""[edmOramOm¨Zr OmbÝ`mda ñdmar Hobr `mMdfu Vo AmOmar nSyZ Vo _¥Ë`y nmdbo.'' q [ZHmobmAmo _ZwMr (Ago hmoVo _moJb)- "" [edmOramOo Zoh_r _mo[h_oda [\aV, `m XJXJrZo WHyZ Am[U aºmÀ`m CbQçm hmoDZ Ë`m¨Zm _aU Ambo''. q XmK a[OñQa (SM HmJXnÌ)- ""[edmOramOm¨À`m Xwgè`m ~m`HmoZo amOm¨da [df à`moJ Hobm Agdm''. (XmK a[OñQa- 1680. n¥ð 724.29, g¨X^©-na[H`m¨À`m X¥ïr.) darb gd© g¨X^© gmYZo ~mVå`m qHdm A\dm EoHyZM amOm¨À`m _¥Ë`y~Ôb [b[hVmV. darb gmYZm¨À`m boIHm¨n¡Hr HmoUrhr am`JSmda qHdm Amgnmg ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio darb gmYZm¨À`m boIHm¨Mr gmYZo g¨[X½Y, A[dœgZr` AmhoV. [edmOramOm¨Zr amOmam_mMm [ddmh 15 _mM© 1680 amoOr àVmnamd JwOa `m¨Mr HÝ`m OmZHr~mB©er bmdyZ [Xbm. Ë`mZ¨Va ARam [Xdgm¨ZrM [edmOramOm¨Mm IyZ Pmbm. 18 [XdgmV amOo AmOmar nSUo Am[U AmOma [dHmonmbm OmUo HXm[nhr eŠ` Zmhr. darb gmYZm¨n¡Hr Amb_[JarHma _wñVoXImZ, _ZwMr Am[U B¨J«O ho amOm¨Zm aºmÀ`m CbQçm Pmë`m Ë`m_wio Ë`m¨Mm _¥Ë`y Pmbm, Vo gm¨JVmV. nU aºmÀ`m CbQçm Hm Pmë`m? ho Ë`m¨Zm _mhrV Zmhr. [df [Xë`mZoM CbQçm Pmë`m. [^_goZ gŠgoZm Am[U Im\rImZ ho amOo AmOmar nSyZ _obo gm¨JVmV. nU AmOmar Hm nSbo? ho Ë`m¨Zm _m[hV Zmhr. AmOmar Hm hmoVo?> ho XoIrb Ë`m¨Zm ImÌrbm`H _m[hVr Zmhr. XmK a[OñQa_Ü`o _mÌ [df à`moJmMm CëboI Amho. na¨Vw Ë`m¨Zrhr A\doda [dœmg Rodbobm Agë`m_wio ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨ZrM amOm¨Zm [df à`moJmZo Rma _mabo Ë`mEodOr amOm¨À`m nËZrMm CëboI Hobobm Amho. gmo`am~mBªMr A\dm hmoVr. nU ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨ZrM amOm¨Zm [df à`moJmZo Rma _mabo. ho XmK a[OñQa [Zg¨[X½YnUo [gÕ HaVo. AmVm AmnU _amRr-g¨ñH¥V g¨X^© gmYZm¨Mm Aä`mg Hé- `m gmYZm_Ü`o g_HmbrZ, CÎmaHmbrZ gmYZo Ago àHma AmhoV. gwédmVrbm AmnU CÎmaHmbrZ gmYZm¨Mr [M[HËgm Hé. q 91 Hb_r ~Ia- ""amOm¨Zm ZdÁdamMr ì`Wm Pmbr Am[U amOo ñdm_rg H¡bmgdmg Pmbm''. q [ed[X[½dO`- ""gmo`am~mB©HSyZ amOm¨Zm [dfà`moJ Pmbm''. q [MQUrg ~Ia- ""gmo`am~mB©daM Amamon RodVo''. q [ed^maV- (AnwU© Hmì`) q OoYo eHmdbr- M¡Ì ewÕ nm¡[U©_m e[Zdmar (3 E[àb1680) [Xdgm XmoZ àhar am`JSmda [edmOramOm¨Mo [ZYZ Pmbo. h¨~raamd _mo[hVo `m¨Zr _moamon¨V noedo AÊUmOrn¨V Am[U àëhmXn¨Vm¨Zm H¡X HéZ nÝhmiJSmda g¨^mOramOm¨HSo Zobo. q [edmnwa eHmdbr- M¡Ì nm¡[U©_og [edmOr amOo g_mßV Pmbo. q [MQUrg ~Ia d [ed[X[½dO` 1818 gmbMr Agë`m_wio g_HmbrZ Zmhr. nU gmo`am~mBªZr [dfà`moJ Hobm hm CëboI Amho. `mMm AW© amhyOr gmo_ZmWmZo [dfà`moJ Hobm hmoVm. ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zr amOm¨Mm [dfà`moJmZo IyZ Hobm. nU gd©Ì gmo`am~mB©Zo IyZ Hobm Aer A\dm ngadbr. åhUyZM gmo`am~mB©Zo [dfà`moJ Hobm Ago Xoer d naXoer boIHm¨Zr [b[hbo. Ë`m¨À`mn`ªV A\dm ngabr hmoVr. Iar KQZm nmohmoMbr ZìhVr. q [ed^maVHma HqdX« na_mZ¨XMo AHmbr [ZYZ Pmë`m_wio HmaVb~ImZmMo C_aqISrVrb `wÕ `oWn`ªVMmM CëboI Amho. q OoYo eHmdbr - hr eHmdbr åhUOo X¡Z¨[XZr Agë`m_wio ñnïrHaU Zmhr. Ë`m_wio \º [ZYZ Pmbo EdTmM CëboI OoYoeHmdbrV Amho. nU Ë`mZ¨Va bJoM h¨[~aamd _mo[hVo `m¨Zr _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr d àëhmX `m¨Zm H¡X Hoë`mMm CëboI Amho. Ë`m¨Zr IyZ Hobm åhUyZM Ë`m¨Zm AQH Hobr Agm ñnï AW© [ZKVmo. åhUOoM OoYo eHmdbrgwÕm _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr, àëhmX d amhyOr gmo_ZmW `m¨Zr IyZ Hobm Ago [gÕ HaVo. q AmVm eodQMo d AË`¨V _hËdmMo gmYZ åhUOo g^mgX ~Ia. `m ~IarMm HVm© H¥îUmOr AZ¨V g^mgX `m¨Zr amOm¨À`m Hma^mamV ñdV: ^mJ KoVbm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m ~IarVrb A[Va¨[OV d lÕmiy ^mJ dOm Hobm Va ~arMer dñVw[ZðVm Amho. g^mgX _¥Ë`y~Ôb nwTrbà_mUo dU©Z HaVmV. "_J Hmhr [Xdgm¨Zr amOmg ì`Wm ÁdamMr Pmbr. amOm nwÊ`íbmoH Hmb-kmZ OmUo. [dMma nmhVm Am`wî`mMr _`m©Xm Pmbr ho HiyZ Odirb HmaHyZ d hwOao bmoH hmoVo. Ë`m_Ü`o gä` bmoH ~mobmdyZ AmUbo ~mo[bbo Hr Vwåhr MwHya hmoD ZHm. hm Vmo _¥Ë`ybmoHM Amho. `m_mJo [HVr CËnÞ Pmbo [HVr Jobo AmVm Vwåhr [Z_©i gwIén ~wÕrZo AgUo. AmVm AdKo ~mhoa n¡gm. AmnU ltMo ñ_aU H[aVmo åhUmoZ Ad[K`m¨g ~mhoa ~¡gdbo. Am[U am[O`m¨Zr lr ^m[JaWrMo CXH AmUyZ ñZmZ Hobo. ^ñ_ YmaU HéZ éX«mj YmaU Hobo. Am[U `moJmä`mg HéZ AmË_m ~«÷m¨Sm¨g ZoDZ XeìXmao \moSyZ àmUà`mU Hobo. em[bdmhZ eHo 1602 am¡X«_mZ g¨dËgao M¡Ì ewÕ nm¡[U©_m, e[Zdma XmoZ àhar Hmi am`JSr Pmbm. Ë`mZ¨Va [edXyV [d_mZ KoDZ Ambo. Am[U amOo [d_mZr ~gyZ H¡bmgmg Jobo. ho OS eara _¥Ë`ybmoHr Ë`mJ Hobm. amOmMo XohmdgZ Ë`m [Xder n¥ÏdrH¨n Phmbm. JJZr Yw_HoVy CXobm CëHmnmV AmHmemhyZ Ambm. amÌr OmoS B¨X«YZwî` [ZKmbr. Aï[Xem [XJXmh hmoDZ Jobm. lre¨^y _hmXodr ViçmMo CXH aºm¨~a Ambo. nmÊ`mVrb _ÀN ~mhoa nSyZ A_mgdmUr CXH Pmbo. Eogr A[aïo Pmbr. _J amOo`m¨Mo Hboda M¨XZHmïoda d ~obHmïo AmUyZ X½Y Hobo. [ñÌ`m amÁ`nmb»`m HmaHyZ hyOar gd© bmoHm¨Zr gm¨[JVbo Hr, YmHQm nwÌ amOmam_ [H«`m Hamdr. gdmªZr IoX Hobm amOmam_ `m¨Zr AË`¨V emoH Hobm. Ë`mZ¨Va CÎmaHm`© H[Zðm¨Zr Hamdo Ago [gÕ Hobo. d[Sb nwÌ g¨^mOramOo doiog ZmhrV. `mOH[aVm YmHQçmZo [H«`m Hobr Ago amOm¨Mo M[aÌ Am»`mZ CËnÞ HmimnmgyZ XohmdgmZmn`ªV Omhbo.' qOOr `oWo amOmam_mgmo~V AgVmZm g^mgXm¨Zr ~Ia [b[hbr. g^mgX ho amOmam_m¨À`m nXar Amë`m_wio gmo`am~mB©da Omo Ami Ambobm hmoVm Ë`mMm CëboI Ë`m¨Zr Hobobm Zmhr. VgoM g^mgX ho ñdV: ~«m÷U Agë`m_wio Ë`m¨Zr gË`HWZ HaÊ`mMo Qmibobo Amho. g^mgX ho Xod^moio Agë`m_wio àñVwV M[aÌmV AZoH [RHmUr A[Va¨[OV Am[U M_ËHm[aH dU©Z g^mgXm¨Zr Hobobo Amho. AnamYrnUmMr ^mdZm àIa Pmbr Hr, A[Va¨[OV ñnïrHaU Hobo OmVo. CXm. g¨V VwHmam_m¨Mm IyZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobm ho bn[dÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr VwHmam_ _hmamO gXoh d¡Hw¨Rmbm Jobo Ago [bhyZ Rodbo. AJXr VgmM àHma amOm¨À`m~m~V KSbobm Amho. g^mgXm¨Zr Hoboë`m dU©ZmMo AmnU AmVm ñnïrHaU Hé. [edmOramOm¨Zm Áda Pmbm, Ago g^mgX gm¨JVmV. Áda Pmbm AgVmZm amOm¨Zr `moJmä`mg Hobm, ho HXm[n eŠ` Zmhr. amOm¨Zr Am`wî`mV HYrhr `moJgmYZm Hobobr Zmhr. _J 3 E[àb 1680 `m [XderM amOm¨Zr AmË_m ~«÷m¨Smg bmdUo d XeìXmao \moSyZ àmUË`mJ HaUo Ago YmXm¨V ImoQo [b[hUo. åhUOoM amOm¨Mm IyZ Pmbm ho [gÕ hmoVo. `moJ gmYZoZo em[aarH d _mZ[gH g¨VwbZ amhVo. `m~m~V Xw_V Zmhr, nU `moJgmYZoZo _¥Ë`y, A_aËd, [gÕr [_iVo `m ^mHS HWm AmhoV. [edmOramOo Hmhr Jm^mè`mV ~gyZ qHdm AaÊ`mV ~gyZ `moJgmYZm HaUmao ^mo¨Xy _hmamO ZìhVo. HwQw¨~ ñdamÁ`, g_mO dmè`mda gmoSyZ AmË_m ~«÷m¨Smbm bmdÊ`mMo XoeX«mohr CÚmoJ _hmamOm¨Zr Hobo ZmhrV. hmVmV Vcdma KoDZ ñdamÁ` [Z[_©Vr `m [Z`moOZmgmRr Am`wî`mVrb àË`oH jUmMm gXwn`moJ Hobm Am[U gdm©V _hËdmMo åhUOo `moJ gmYZm åhUOo \º EHm [XdgmV gmÜ` hmoUmar gmYZm Zìho. g^mgX åhUVmV Hr, amOm¨Zr gd© gä` OZm¨Zm ~mhoa ~gÊ`mg gm¨[JVbo. `mMm AW© IyZ Pmbm. Ë`màg¨Jr amOm¨Odi EHhr gä` qHdm OdiMm ZmVodmB©H ZìhVm. _hmamUr gmo`am~mB© amUr_hmbmVM hmoË`m. [edmOramOm¨Mo Ka åhUOo 1010 Mr Imobr Zìho. [enmB©, A[YHmar, _¨Ìr, gaXma Am[U _hmamUr `m¨À`mgmRr ñdV¨Ì Hm`m©b`o Am[U [ZdmgñWmZmMrhr ì`dñWm am`JSmda Amho. ([Okmgy¨Zr am`JS Adí` nhmdm) gmo`am~mB© ñ\[QHmà_mUo ñdÀN _ZmÀ`m AmhoV. Agm A[^àm` g¨^mOramOm¨Zr [edmOr_hmamOm¨À`m IyZmZ¨Va 5 _[hÝ`m¨Zr [Xbobm Amho. `mMm AW© gmo`am~mB© [ZXmo©f åhUOoM gä` AmhoV Am[U g^mgX åhUVmV Ë`mà_mUo gmo`am~mB© (IyZ Pmbm Ë`màg¨Jr) gä` Agë`m_wio amOm¨Odi ZìhË`m. BVa gd© ZmVodmB©H Imbr nmMmSmV hmoVo. `m g¨YrMm \m`Xm KoDZM AÊUmOr XÎmmo, _moamon¨V `m¨Zr amhyOr gmo_ZmW _m\©V amOm¨Zm [df XoDZ IyZ Hobm. IyZm~m~V g¨e` `oD Z`o `mgmRr doJdoJiçm A\dm CR[dë`m. [edmOramOo [d_mZmV ~gyZ H¡bmgmg Jobo Ago g^mgX åhUVmV, Am[U bJoMM nwTrb n[aÀNoXmV amOm¨À`m àoVmMo XhZ amOmam_mZo Hobo Ago [b[hVmV. [d_mZmV ~gyZ H¡bmgmg Joë`mZ¨Va nwÝhm A¨Ë`[dYr HaÊ`mMr JaOM Hm`? åhUyZM ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~hwOZ g_mOmbm Hgbmhr g¨e` `oD Z`o `mgmRr \ma nwdu OSXoh, gwú_Xoh, AmË_m, na_mË_m, ñdJ©, ZaH `m HënZm [Z_m©U Hoë`m. amOo [d_mZmV ~gyZ Jobo Ago g^mgXm[edm` HmoUrhr gm¨JV Zmhr, `mMm AW© VwHmam_ _hmamOmà_mUoM amOm¨Mm IyZ HéZ [d_mZmMr HWm Ë`m¨À`m M[aÌmV KwgSÊ`mV Ambr. n[adV©ZmMo Hm_ HaUmè`m ~hwOZ g_mOmVrb _hmnwéfm¨Zm AemàHmao g¨n[dÊ`mV Ambobo Amho. Aem àHmao amhyOr gmo_ZmWZo amOm¨Mm IyZ Hobm. amOm¨Mm IyZ Pmbm ZgVm Va OJmV amOm¨Zr ñdmV¨Í`, g_Vm, ~¨Yy^md àñWm[nV Hobr AgVr. Aem [dœd¨Ú amOm¨Mm IyZ HéZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hodi [edmOramOm¨MoM Zìho Va g¨nyU© OJmMo ZwHgmZ Hobobo Amho. [edam`m¨À`m IyZm_wio am`JSmda nyU©V: VUmdmMo Am[U [^VrMo dmVmdaU hmoVo. hr ~mV_r \wQUma Zmhr `mMr nwU© XjVm ~«m÷Um¨Zr KoVbr hmoVr. amOm¨Mm IyZ Pmë`mMr ~mV_r g_Obr AgVr Va XoemV EHhr ~«m÷U Ë`mhr HmimV ~hwOZ g_mOmZo [Od¨V Rodbm ZgVm, nU Ë`m¨Zr OZVoMr [Xem^yb Hobr. amOm¨Mm _¥Ë`y JwSKr amoJm_wio Pmbm, Aer A\dm ngadbr. hrM ~mV_r gd©Xya nmohMbr. nU [_Ìhmo, OJmÀ`m B[VhmgmV nwdu Am[U AmOXoIrb JwSKramoJ HmoUmbmhr Pmë`mMo CXmhaU gmnSbobo Zmhr. åhUOoM ~«m÷U SmdnoM ~XbVmV, CÔoe ~XbV ZmhrV. amOm¨Mm IyZ gmo`am~mBªZr Hobm Agmhr àMma ~«m÷Um¨Zr gwé Hobm. amOm¨Mm _¥Ë`w A±W«°ŠgZo Pmbm Agmhr AnàMma AmOXoIrb [ZZmX ~oSoHagmaIo amOm¨Mo eÌy HaVmV (B¨[S`Z EŠgàog Zmoìho¨.2001) åhUOoM amOm¨Mm IyZ HaUmao Iao Amamonr [ZXmo©f gwQmdoV `mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr AZoH A\dm nga[dë`m d AmOXoIrb ngadV AmhoV.OZVobm Iao JwÝhoJma g_Oy Z`oV, `mgmRr bj doYyZ OZVoMr [Xem^yb HaUo d AmnU Hgo [ZanamY AmhmoV `mMm Amd AmUÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Ur àMma AmOXoIrb doJdoJiçm dmdSçm CSdV AmhoV. amOm¨Mm IyZ Hoë`m~amo~aM amOmam_mbm ~«m÷Um¨Zr qghmgZmda ~g[dbo, HmaU amOmam_ bhmZ hmoV, amOmam_mbm Zm_Ymar amOm Ham`Mo Am[U amÁ`Hma^mamMr gd© gwÌo hmVr ¿`md`mMr Am[U bdHaM amOmam_Mmhr HmQm HmTm`Mm Agm Smd `m _¨Í`m¨Mm hmoVm. Va g¨^mOr hwema, MmUmj, namH«_r, YmSgr hmoVo. åhUyZ g¨^mOramOm¨Zm _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr XÎmmo AQH HaÊ`mg nÝhmiJSmHSo [ZKmbo. dmQoVM h¨~raamd _mo[hVo `m¨Zr Ë`m¨Zm AQH Hobr, Am[U g¨^mOramOm¨Mm am`JSmda A[^foH Hobm. g¨^mOramOo JmXrda `oVmM g¨^mOramOm¨Zm Rma _maÊ`mMm ~«m÷Um¨Zr Mma doim à`ËZ Hobm, nU VrZ doim g¨^mOramOm¨Zr Ë`m¨Zm _m\ Hobo hmoVo. Mm¡Ï`m doiog g¨^mOramOm¨Zr gd© ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zm Rma _mabo, Am[U [edam`m¨À`m IyZmMm ~Xbm KoVbm.
_hmamUr nwVim~mB© gVr Hr IyZ? [edam`m¨Mm IyZ Hoë`mZ¨Va amOm¨Mm A¨Ë`[dYr KmB©-KmB©Zo CaHÊ`mV Ambm. amOm¨À`m IyZmZ¨Va EHhr nËZr gVr Jobr Zmhr. HmaU amOm¨Zr gVràWm ~¨X Hobr hmoVr. nU nwTo nwVim~mB© gVr Hm Joë`m? Ë`mZ¨Va ~«m÷Um¨Mo àñW dmTbo, Am[U Ë`m¨Zr amOm¨À`m g_mOgwYmaUobm Hb¨H bmdÊ`mgmRr nwVim~mBªZr gVr Omdo `mgmRr Xod-Y_© `m¨À`m Jmo¨Sg ZmdmImbr ~«m÷Um¨Zr nwVim~mB©Mm Ni Hobm. åhUyZM nwVim~mB© amOm¨À`m A¨Ë`[dYrZ¨Va 85 [Xdgm¨Zr gVr Joë`m. åhUOoM amOm¨Zr Hoboë`m H«m¨Vrbm Ë`m¨À`m KamVM Hmir_m \mgÊ`mMm ~«m÷Um¨Zr à`moJ Hobm. ^maVmVrb gVr àWobm àIa [damoY HaUmao [edmOramOo ho n[hbo amOo AmhoV. amOm¨Zr ehmOramOm¨À`m AnKmVr [ZYZmZ¨Va gVr Mmbboë`m ñdV:À`m _mVmolr [OOmD_m±gmho~ `m¨Zm gVr OmÊ`mg [damoY Hobm d `m Hy«a na¨naobm [Vbm¨Obr [Xbr. Aem amOm¨À`m _hmamOr nwVim~mB© gVr OmÊ`m_mJMr HmaU[__m¨gm ñnï hmoUo AË`¨V _hËdmMo Amho, Am[U nwVim~mB© amOm¨À`m IyZmZ¨Va 85 [Xdgm¨Zr gVr Joboë`m AmhoV `mMm AW© nwVim~mBªZm gVr OmÊ`mg àd¥Îm Hobo, `mgmRr g¨ñH¥Vr ho hË`ma ~«m÷Um¨Zr dmnabo. na¨Vw gVr OmUo hm g¨ñH¥VnUm Zmhr, Va A_mZwfnUm Amho. hm CKS-CKS IyZ Amho. nVr[ZYZmZ¨Va gVr OmÊ`mMr A[Zï àWm éT Pmbr. nU nËZr[ZYZmZ¨Va EHhr nwéf gVm Jobm Zmhr. `mMo HmaU Hm`? nwéfmbm gm¡^m½` gwdUm©b¨Hma ZgVmV. nU [ñÌ`m¨Zm gm¡^m½` Ab¨Hma AgVmV. nVr[ZYZmZ¨Va nËZrZo C¨Mr dñÌo n[aYmZ HéZ gmoÝ`mMo Ab¨Hma A¨Jmda KmbyZ nVrÀ`m àoVm~amo~a Omdo d [MVoOdi Joë`mda ~«m÷U nwamo[hV [dYrdV nËZrbm [MVoda ~gdV AgV. nU Ë`mnwdu gVr OmUmè`m ñÌrMo gd© Ab¨Hma Ë`m ~«m÷U nwamo[hVmbm XoUo ~¨YZHmaH Ago Am[U Z¨Va [MVm noQdbr OmV Ago. gVr OmUmar ñÌr àmU dmM[dÊ`mgmRr VS\SV Ago Am[U Ë`mZ¨Va [MVm noQdbr OmV Ago. nU [VZo ~mhoa `ody Z`o `mgmRr hmVmV bm¨~bm¨~ HmRçm KoDZ [Vbm THUmao nwéf [MVo^modVr C^o AgV. [VÀ`m qHMmiÊ`mMm AmdmO `oD Z`o `mgmRr HU©HH©e dmÚm¨Mm AmdmO Hobm OmV Ago d ho gd© [ZX©`H¥Ë` Y_© d g¨ñH¥VrÀ`m ZmdmImbr Hobo OmV Ago. ho gd© HemgmRr? Va Ë`m ñÌrÀ`m A¨JmdaMo gmoZo ~«m÷Umbm [_imdo, `mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr gVràWm gwé Hobr. åhUOo g¨nÎmrgmRr Xodm-Y_m©À`m ZmdmImbr amOamog IyZ HaÊ`mMr A[Zï na¨nam ~«m÷Um¨Zr gwé Hobr. `m àWobm nwVim~mB© ~ir nSë`m. nwVim~mB©HSyZ gmoZo-g¨nÎmr [_i[dÊ`mgmRr g¨ñH¥VrÀ`m ZmdmImbr nwVim~mB©Mm ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~ir KoVbm. ~hwOZ[ñÌ`mà_mUo ~«m÷U[ñÌ`mXoIrb ~ir nSboë`m AmhoV. dU©ì`dñWoV ^maVmVrb HmoUË`mhr [ñÌ`m¨Zm ñWmZ ZìhVo. ~«m÷U na[H` AmhoV Vo \º nwéfM ^maVmV Ambo. ~«m÷U[ñÌ`m ~hwOZm¨À`m Agë`m_wio ~«m÷Um¨Zr Ë`m¨À`m [ñÌ`m¨Mm XoIrb Ni Hobm. åhUyZM nwÊ`mVrb [dYdm ~«m÷U _wbtZm Omoer, Xoenm¨So, Aä`¨Hamnojm amï—[nVm Omo[Vamd \wbo Amnbo dmQbo d Ë`m Omo[Vamdm¨À`m Aml`mbm Amë`m. [edmOramOm¨À`m Ooð _hmamUr gB©~mB© `m¨Mo 5 gßQo¨. 1659 amoOr AmOmanUmV [ZYZ Pmbo hmoVo. [edmOr_hmamOm¨À`m IyZmZm¨Va \º nwVim~mB© gVr Joë`m. nwVim~mB©[edm` HmoUrhr gVr Jobo Zmhr. `m àg¨Jr ~«m÷Um¨Zr X~mdV¨ÌmMm dmna Hobm. `m gd© KQZm ~«m÷Um¨Zr g¨^mOramOo ZgVmZm Hoë`m. (_moR_moRçm KamÊ`mV [ñÌ`m¨À`m Mm¨JwbnUmMm J¡a\m`Xm KoDZ Ë`m¨Zm AZoH [dYr HaÊ`mg ~«m÷U àd¥Îm HaVmV. nwéfm¨À`m nañna [ñÌ`m JwnMwn `k-`mJ, A[^foH, gË`Zmam`U HéZ A_mn YZ XoVmV.) XodmY_m©À`m ZmdmImbr Hw«a d¡[XHm¨Zr nwVim~mB©gma»`m AmXe© _hmamUrMm IyZ Hobm ho _mÌ [Z[íMV. nwVim~mB© 27 OyZ 1680 amoOr amOm¨À`m IyZmZm¨Va 85 [Xdgm¨Zr gVr Joë`m, Zìho Va d¡[XHm¨Zr n¡emgmRr nwVim~mB©Mm IyZ Hobm. nwVim~mB©À`m g_mYrda OmUrdnyd©H Hw Ìm C^m HaÊ`mV Ambm Amho. am_Xmg g¨V Zìho Va ñdamÁ`mVrb O¨V hmoVm [edmOramOm¨Mm gdm©V IVaZmH eÌy åhUOo am_Xmg. Ë`mbm amOm¨Mm Jwé HaÊ`mMm AZ¡[Vhm[gH à`ËZ OmVr`dmXr B[VhmgHmam¨Zr Hobm. Iao Va amOo Am[U am_Xmg `m¨Mr HYrM ^oQ Pmbr Zmhr. åhUyZ am_Xmg hm amOm¨Mm Jwé ZìhVm ho [gÕ hmoVo. nU am_Xmg amOm¨Mm eÌy hmoVm ho ~hwVm¨er bmoHm¨Zm _mhrV Zmhr. am_Xmg hm AmXrbehm Am[U Am¡a¨JOo~mMm JwßVhoa hmoVm. A\ObImZmMm [_Ì ~mOr KmoanSo `mÀ`m Aml`mbm am_Xmg hmoVm. EHm ~mOybm amOo JS qOHVmV. [Hëbo ~m¨YVmV, Va am_Xmg g_mOmV ^moionUm nga[dÊ`mMo Hm_ HaV hmoVm. nwamo[hV ^Qm¨Zm OJÊ`mgmRr am_Xmgm¨Zr _¨[Xao C^mabr. am_ hm Am`© åhUOoM ~«m÷U hmoVm. åhUyZM am_Xmgm¨Zr [edmOr_hmamOm¨EodOr am_mMm O`O`Hma Hobm. amOo [Hëbo ~m¨YV hmoVo. Á`mMo [Hëbo Ë`mMo amÁ` hm Vmo Hmi hmoVm. am_Xmg _mÌ _¨[Xa ~m¨YV hmoVm. HmaU OoWo _¨Xra VoWo ~«m÷Um¨Mo amÁ`. amOo Va à`ËZm¨Mr namHmïm HaUmao [dkmZ[Zð amOo hmoVo. amOm¨À`m `m H«m¨VrHm`m©bm [damoY HaÊ`mMo Hm_ `m am_XmgmZo Hobo. am_Xmg hm ñdV:À`m b¾àg¨Jr gmdYmZ åhUVmM ~mohë`mdéZ nimbm. niÊ`mnydu Vmo ~mohë`mda ZdaXod åhUyZ C^m hmoVm. åhUOo Ë`mZo _wbJr ng¨V Hobr hmoVr. b¾ Rabo hmoVo. dèhmSr _¨Sir Ambr hmoVr. dYy Ë`mÀ`m g_moa C^r hmoVr. _¨JbmïHo gwé Pmbr. gd© _¨JbmïHo Pmbr Am[U eodQMo _¨JbAïH åhUOo "AmVm gmdYmZ' åhUVmM am_Xmg ~mohë`mdéZ niyZ Jobm. ho EH Va _wI©nUmMo qHdm g_mOX«mohrnUmMo bjU Amho. HmaU Ë`m HmimV A¨Jmbm hiX bmJbr Am[U b¾ _moSbo Va _wbtZm nwÝhm AmOÝ_ A[ddm[hV ahmdo bmJV hmoVo. Ë`m HmimV dYyÀ`m ^[dVì`mMm Am[O~mV [dMma Z HaVm b¾ _¨SnmVyZ niyZ OmUmam am_Xmg [edmOramOm¨gma»`m gm_Ï`©embr g_«mQmMm Jwé hmoDM eHV Zmhr. Iao Va Vmo g_mOX«mohr hmoD eHVmo. HmaU Ë`m dYyÀ`m OmJr Amnbr ~hrU qHdm _wbJr AgVr Va Amnë`mbm Hm` dmQbo AgVo? nwTo am_Xmgmbm [dYdm VéUrer ì`m[^Mma HaÊ`mMr MQH bmJbr. doÊUm Am[U Am¸m `m¨À`mer am_XmgmMo AZ¡[VH g¨~¨Y hmoVo. am_Xmg hm a¨Job Am[U ì`m[^Mmar hmoVm. (g¨X^©-am_Xmg Am[U noedmB©) Aem ñÌrb¨nQ am_XmgmMm amOm¨Zr AZwJ«h KoVbm Aer HënZm HaUogwÕm Ajå` JwÝhm Amho. Agm ñÌrb¨nQ am_Xmg g_moa Oar Ambm AgVm Var Ë`mbm amOm¨Zr PmoSnboM AgVo åhUyZM Ë`mZo amOm¨Mr HYrM ^oQ KoVbr Zmhr. amOm¨À`m OrdZmV Amboë`m HmoUË`mhr _hËdmÀ`m d amo_m¨MHmar àg¨JmModoir am_XmgmZo amOm¨Zm àË`j qHdm AàË`jnUo _XV Hoë`mMm HmoRohr B[VhmgmV CëboI Zmhr. A\ObImZ ^oQrÀ`màg¨Jr nÝhmimdoTm, emB©ñVoImZmda hëbm, AmJ«m H¡X, amÁ`m[^foH `m HmoUË`mhr àg¨Jr am_Xmg amOm¨Zm _XV HaÊ`mgmRr Ambobm ZìhVm. g_HmbrZ OoYo eHmdbr, g^mgX ~Ia, [ed^maV BVa HmoUË`mhr J¨«WmV am_XmgmMm gmYm Zm_moëboI XoIrb Zmhr. ([Okmgw¨Zr g¨X^© J¨«W dmMmdoV hr [dZ¨Vr) am_Xmg åhUVmo, Xodr ~«m÷Ur gÎmm Har& Vmo EH _wI©&&68&& (Xmg~moY-2:1:68) åhUOo Omo ~«m÷Umda amÁ` HaVmo Vmo _wI© AgVmo. Ago Ë`mMo _V Amho. åhUOo ~«m÷UoVamZo \º MmHarM Hamdr hm Ë`mMm AmJ«h hmoVm. [edmOramOo amÁ`m[^foHmZo amOo Pmbo. Ë`m_wio ~«m÷Um¨Zm XoIrb [ejm HaÊ`mMm A[YHma amOm¨Zm àmßV Pmbm. `m_wio Vmo AñdñW Pmbm Am[U amOm¨Zm _wI© åhUÊ`mn`ªV Ë`mMr _Ob Jobr. nwTo Vmo åhUVmo [ZM àmUr JwéËd nmdbm& VoWo AmMaMr ~wSmbm doXemñÌ ~«m÷Umbm & HmoU nwgo && (Xmg~moY-14:7:29) am_Xmgmbm ~hwOZ g_mOmV [ejUmMm àgma Pmë`mZo H_mbrMo Xw:I Pmbo. AÜ``Z ho \º ~«m÷Um¨ZrM Hamdo hm Ë`mMm AmJ«h Amho. g_mOmV AZmMma Hm dmTbm Va eyX«m¨Zr [eHÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr åhUyZ. AmMma ~wSmbm Aer VH«ma Vmo HaVmo. ~hwOZ g_mO [ejU KoD bmJë`mZo doXemñÌmV nma¨JV Agboë`m ~«m÷Umg HmoUr [dMmaV Zmhr `mMoM Ë`mbm dmB©Q dmQVo. åhUOo Vmo Om[V`dmXr Va hmoVmM nU dU©ì`dñWoMm HÅa g_W©H hmoVm, HSdm ~«m÷Ê`dmXr hmoVm. åhUyZM eyX«m¨Zr [ejU KoVë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m nmoQmV XwIw bmJbo. åhUyZ Vmo nwTo åhUVmo amÁ` Zobo åbo¨ÀN joÌr & JwéËd Zobo HwnmÌr && AmnU AaÌr Zm naÌr & HmhrM Zmhr (Xmg~moY-14.7.36) amÁ` _wgb_mZ Am[U j[Ì`m¨HSo Jobo. [edmOramOm¨Mo JwéËd g¨V VwHmo~mam`m¨HSo Jobo Amnë`m ~«m÷Um¨À`m hmVr HmhrM am[hbo Zmhr åhUyZ Vmo AmaSm AmoaSm HaV hmoVm. ho Hmhr g¨VmMo bjU Zìho. g¨VmÀ`m Hm`m©bm OmV, nmV, Y_©, n¨W, àm¨V, ^mfm, Xoe Am[U Y_m©Mo ~¨YZ ZgVo. g¨V ho gd© g[Odm¨À`m Hë`mUmHaVm PQUmao AgVmV. nU Vmo \º ~«m÷Um¨gmRrM PJSV hmoVm åhUyZM am_Xmg hm g¨V Zìho Va ñdamÁ`mVrb O¨V hmoVm. Vmo ~«m÷Um¨À`m CÜXmamgmRr d ~hwOZm¨À`m èhmgmgmRr Hgm PQV hmoVm `mMo nwamdo Xmg~moYmVM AmTiVmV. Jwé Vmo gHimgr ~«m÷U & Oar Vmo Pmbm [H«`mhrZ am_Xmg åhUVmo ~«m÷U [Z[îH«`-[H«`mhrZ Agbm Var gd© Om[V Y_m©À`m OZVoZo ~«m÷UmbmM Jwé Hamdo. åhUOo ~«m÷Ur dM©ñd amhmdo d ~«m÷Um¨Zm [~Ja l_mMo YZ [_imdo. hr Ë`mMr AmoT hmoVr. [ejH ~«m÷Um¨[edm` HmoUr hmoD Z`o hr Ë`mMr BÀNm hmoVr. gHim¨er nyÁ` ~«m÷U & ho _w»` doXmkm à_mU ~«m÷U doX _w[V©_¨V & ~«m÷U Vmo[M ^Jd¨V ~«m÷Umbm gdmªZr Xod _mZmdo ho doX gm¨JVmV. ~«m÷U hmM doX Am[U Xod Amho Ago am_Xmg åhUVmo. åhUOo gdmªZr ~«m÷Um¨Mr nyOm Hamdr hm AmJ«h am_XmgmMm hmoVm/ bj^moOZr ~«m÷U & AmZ OmVrg nwgo HmoU bj^moOZ hm ~«m÷Um¨Mm h¸M Amho. BVa OmVrbm [dMmaÊ`mMo HmaUM Zmhr. Ago Ë`mMo _V Amho. åhUOo ~«m÷Um¨Zm \wHQmV ^moOZ Úmdo Ago Vmo åhUVmo. Agmo ~«m÷U gwada d¨[XVr & VoWo _mZd ~mnwSo {HVr AmVmVa am_Xmg ~hwOZ g_mOmbm ^rVrM XmI[dVmo Hr ~«m÷Umbm Xod d¨XZ HaVmV, Va _mUgmMr Hm` JV Amho. Oar ~«m÷U _wT_Vr & Var Vmo OJXd¨Ú AmVm Va am_XmgmZo HhaM Hobm Vmo åhUVmo ~«m÷U _wI© Agbm Var Mmbob Vmo OJmbm d¨X[Z` AgVmo. (Sm°. Am¨~oSHam¨À`m KQZoZo ~ao Pmbo ZmhrVa gd© _yI© ~«m÷U gd© nXm¨da am[hbo AgVo.) A¨Ë`O eãXkmVm ~adm & nar Vmo ZoDZ Hm` Hamdm ~«m÷U g¨[ÞY nyOmdm & ho Vmo Z KSo Hr & X[bV hm eãX CÀMmam`bm ~am, nU ~«m÷Um¨Mr Vmo ~amo~ar Hé eHV ZgVmo. Ago åhUyZ Ë`mZo Om[V`dmXmMo QmoHM JmRbo Amho. A¨Va EH Vmo Iao & nar gm¨JmVo KoD Z `oVr _hmao n¨[SV Am[U MmQo nmoao & EH H¡gr & &&3&& _Zwî` Am[U JYSo & amOh¨g Am[U Hmo¨~So amOo Am[U _mHSo & EH H¡gr& &&4&& ^mJraWrMo Oi Amn & _moar g¨dXUr Vmohr Amn& Hw[íMi CXH Aën& goddoZm &&5&& ~«m÷U Am[U _hma `m¨Mm AmË_m EH Agbm Var Ë`m¨Mr Am[U ~«m÷Um¨Mr ~amo~ar hmoD eHV Zmhr. (`m [RHmUr am_XmgmZo `_HmgmRr _hma `m¨Mo CXmhaU KoVbo Agbo Var gd© OmVr ZrM AmhoV, \º ~«m÷UM loð AmhoV Ago Ë`mMo Rm_ _V Amho.) ~«m÷U gmoSyZ gd© OmVrbm Vmo JmTd, _mHSo, Hmo¨~Sçm, MmdQ, JQmarMo nmUr `m Cn_m XoVmo. Va ~«m÷Umbm Vmo amOm, h¨g, J¨JoMo nmUr `m Cn_m XoVmo. Aem ~hwOZìXoïçm am_XmgmÀ`m Xmg~moYda _hmamï— emgZmZo ~¨Xr Kmbmdr. am_Xmg d am_Xmgr g¨àXm`mÀ`m gd© dmL_`mda ~hwOZ g_mOmZo ~[HîHma QmHmdm. OJmVrb gd© _mUgo g_mZ AmhoV. OJmVrb gd© OmVr, Y_©, n¨W, àm¨V, ^mfm, Xoe ho _mZd[Z[_©V AmhoV. Var XoIrb Om[V^oX nga[dUmè`m am_Xmgr gm¨àXm`mda "A°Q—m°[gQr A°ŠQ' Imbr IQbm ^amdm. [edmOramOm¨Zr ~m~m `mHyV, _m¡Zr~m~m, g¨V VwHmam_ `m¨Mm gëbm KoVë`mMm AZoH [RHmUr CëboI Amho. HmaU Vo g¨V Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ, [Z:ñdmWu Am[U ~hwOZ g_mOmMo CÜXmaH hmoVo, åhUwZM amOm¨Zm Ë`m¨À`m~Ôb [ZVm¨V AmXa hmoVm. nU amOo am_XmgmÀ`m ^oQrbm HYrM Jobobo ZmhrV. nU Ë`mMo [eî` AZoH doim _hmamOm¨HSo ^rH _mJÊ`mgmRr Ambo hmoVo. `màg¨Jr amOo Ë`m¨Zm [dMmaVmV "HmoU hm am_Xmg?' `mM AW© amOo am_Xmgmbm AmoiIV ZìhVo. (A[YH _m[hVrgmRr ~mMm B[VhmgmMm`© àm. _m._. Xoe_wI [b[IV am_Xmg Am[U noedmB©) ha ha _hmXod hr amOm¨Mr qghJO©Zm hmoVr. HmaU _hmXod ~hwOZ g_mOmMm AmÚ H«m¨VrHmaH hmoVm. _hmXod hm Xod Zìho. d¡[XHm¨Zr _hmXodmMohr X¡dVrHaU Hobobo Amho. am_XmgmMr KmofUm O` O` aKwdra g_W© Aer hmoVr. am_Xmg Am[U [edmOramOo `m¨À`m KmofUoVhr gmå` ZìhVo. am_Xmg hm [hado HnSo n[aYmZ HarV hmoVm. am_Xmgmbm CÎm_ CXy© `oV hmoVr. Am¡a¨JOo~mbm am_Xmg AZoHdoim ^oQbobm hmoVm. XmoKm¨Zr [_iyZ ^moOZ Hobo hmoVo. `mMm AW© am_Xmg Am[U Am¡a¨JOo~mMo K[Zð g¨~¨Y hmoVo. [Xëbr `oWo am_XmgmZo Am¡a¨JOo~m~amo~a ^moOZ Hobo hmoVo hr dñVw[ñWVr Amho. [edmOramOm¨Zm Hoear (^Jdo) [ZemU Am[U amO_wX«m ehmOr amOm¨Zm [Xbobr hmoVr. åhUOo Jwé åhUyZ am_XmgmMo amOmbm Hgbohr ghHm`© Zmhr. [edam`m¨À`m AZoH JwßV `moOZm Ë`mZo Am¡a¨JOo~mbm-Am[Xbehmbm gm¨[JVë`m hmoË`m. ~mOr KmoanSo¨Zm [edam`m¨[déÕ [MWmdbo hmoVo. amOm¨À`m [déÕ _amRçm¨Zm ^SH[dÊ`mMo Hm_ am_XmgmZo Hobo. ~«m÷Um¨À`m CÕmamgmRr Vmo _aon`ªV [PObm `mV Hmhr J¡a Zmhr. nU ñdV:À`m OmVrgmRr Hm_ HarV AgVmZm ~hwOZg_mOmbm Am[U [edam`m¨Zm am_XmgmZo Iyn Ìmg [Xbm. eodQr Ë`mZo ~«m÷Um¨À`m ^[dVì`mgmRr Xmg~moY J¨«W [b[hbm. EdTo _mÌ [Z[íMV Hr, g¨V VwHmam_mgma»`m Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ, g_mOgwYmaH Jwébm g¨n[dÊ`mgmRrM d¡[XHm¨Zr am_Xmg hm [edM[aÌmV Kwgdbm. am_Xmgmbm amOm¨Mm Jwé Ra[dÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr AZoH ImoQo nwamdo, XmIbo, ñWio, [MÌo [Z_m©U Hobr.
Am[XbehmMm _moHmer XmXy Hmo¨SXod HwbHUu XmXy Hmo¨SXodMo Iao Zm¨d XmXy Hmo¨SXod HwbHUu Ago Amho. XmXy HwbHUu hm AmXrbehmMm _moHmer åhUOoM ZmoHa hmoVm. VwHmo~mam`m¨Zm NiUmao ho XmXy HwbHUuMo g_W©H hmoVo. åhUOo XmXy HwbHUu `m [edam`m¨Mm eÌy hmoVm. eÌy AgUmè`m XoIrb ~«m÷Um¨Zr Jwé Hobo. XmXy HwbHUuMm [edM[aÌmer Hmhrhr g¨~¨Y Zmhr. XmXy HwbHUu hm `wÕHboV AHweb hmoVm. [edam`m¨Zm `wÕHboMo [ejU ehmOramOm¨Zr {Xbo, Ë`mMm gamd [OOmD_m±gmho~m¨Zr KoVbm. HmÝhmoOr OoYo, `ogmOr H¨H, _w¨Tì`mMo Jm`HdmS, Vwno, _moPo, nm`JwSo B. ehmOramOm¨Mo n[hë`m \irVrb Hm`©HVo© AmhoV. dra ~mOr nmgbHam¨Zr ~mi [ed~m¨Zm nwUo d n[agamV _mobmMr _XV Hobr. ~«m÷U Jwé Agë`m[edm` HmoUrhr _moRo hmoV Zmhr ho q~~[dÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr XmXy HwbHUu [edM[aÌmV Kwg[dbm. [edM[aÌmÀ`m HmoUË`mhr g¨X^© gmYZmV XmXy HwbHUuMm gmYm CëboI XoIrb Zmhr.
[edmOramOm¨Mo Jwé g¨V VwHmo~mam`m¨Mm Ni g¨V VwHmo~mam` ho [edmOramOm¨Mo Iao Jwé AmhoV `m~m~V HmoUmMohr Xw_V Zmhr, nU VwHmo~mam`m¨Mo JwénU g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr am_Xmg [edM[aÌmV Kwg[dbm. Ë`m¨À`m à~moYZm_wioM [edam`m¨Mo _mdio à^m[dV Pmbo. amOm¨Zr VwHmo~mam`m¨Mr AZoH [HV©Zo àË`j EoHbobr hmoVr. Ë`m¨À`m Iè`m [HV©Zm_wio ^Qemhr hmXabr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m¨Zr VwHmo~mam`m¨Zm Ìmg XoUo gwé Hobo. Ë`m¨Mr ~XZm_r _¨~mOr ^Q, am_oœa^Q `mZo Hobr. Ë`m¨À`m A^¨JmMr JmWm Ë`m¨Zr nmÊ`mV ~wSdbr. Ë`m¨Zm [ejm Hamdr Aer _mJUr Aer _mJUr XohyÀ`m XmoZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Am[XbehmMm _moHmer XmXy Hmo¨SXod `mMoHSo Hobr. eodQr Ë`m¨Mr hË`m HéZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr gXoh d¡Hw¨RJ_Z Agm AnàMma gwé Hobm. (_hmnwéfm¨Mr hË`m Pmbr åhUyZ Ë`m¨À`m `mo½`Vobm VSm OmV Zmhr. OJmVrb AZoH _hmnwéfm¨À`m hË`m Pmboë`m AmhoV åhUyZ Ë`m¨Zm OZVoZo ZmHabo Zmhr.) amÁ`m[^foHàg¨Jr XoIrb ~«m÷U [edam`m¨er C_©QnUo dmJV hmoVo. VoWo VwHmo~mam`m¨À`m hË`oàg¨Jr ~«m÷Um¨Mr H«waVm [eJobm nmohMbr hmoVr. [edam`-VwHmo~mam` `m¨Mo Am¨XmobZ g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr _w[ñb_m¨Zm hmVmer Yabobo hmoVo. VwHmo~mam`m¨À`m hË`oZ¨Va noeì`m¨Zr JmWm Omibr. Ë`m¨Mo A^¨J åhUÊ`mda noeì`m¨Zr ~¨Xr KmVbr. [ZénUmgmRr Oa HmoUr A^¨J åhQbo Va noedmB©V [ejm Hobr OmV Ago. AmOXoIrb kmZoœam¨À`m nmbIrnwTo VwHmo~mam`m¨Mr AmaVr åhUÊ`mg [damoY Hobm OmVmo. Xohy Am[U Ami¨Xr `m¨À`m [dHmgmVrb \aH àHfm©Zo OmUdVmo. Ami¨XrMo CXmÎmrHaU Va Xohy Cno[jV RodÊ`m_mJrb fS`¨Ì HmoUmMo? _hmamï—mV HmoUVmhr ZdrZ nmhyUm Ambm Hr Ë`m¨Zm Ami¨Xrbm Zobo OmVo nU Xohybm Zobo OmV Zmhr. åhUOo VwHmo~mam`m¨Zm d [edam`m¨Zm [damoY HaUma EHM AmhoV. ZoVmOr nmbHam¨À`m Y_mªVambm [damoY HaUmao ~«m÷U J¨JmYa HwbHUuÀ`m Y_mªVa àg¨Jr Jßn Hm? ZoVmOr nmbHa ho [edmOramOo [Zðmd¨ goZmnVr hmoVo. nU Ë`m¨Mo gºrZo Y_mªVa HaÊ`mV Ambo. Vo _h¨_XHwbrImZ Pmbo. Am¡a¨JOo~mMo ZoVmOtZm A\Jm[UñVmZmV nmR[dbo. ZoVmOtMo Zmd ~Xbbo nU _Z ~Xbbo ZìhVo. Y_© ~Xbbm nU amOm¨darb [Zðm A^¨J hmoVr. amOm¨HSo `mdo `mgmRr ZoVmOtZr AZoH doim niyZ `oÊ`mMm n«`ËZ Hobm. nU Ë`m¨Zm nmR \wQon`ªV _mabo, nU EHo [Xder ZoVmOr nmbHa amOm¨HSo Ambo Am[U ào_mZo Vo amOm¨Zm HSmSyZ ^oQbo. Ë`m¨Zr ñdY_m©V `oÊ`mMr BÀNm ì`º Hobr. Hobr ho ~«m÷Um¨g g_Obo Voìhm Ë`m¨Zr ZoOmOtZm ñdY_m©V `oÊ`mg HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm. Voìhm amOo ^Qm¨Zm åhUmbo [ZamlrVm¨Zm Odi KoUo hmM Y_© Amho. Am[U Ë`m¨Zm Xya bmoQUo hm AY_© Amho. ZoVmOtZm _r Y_m©V KoUma. Y_m©À`m ZmdmImbr [damoY Hobm Var Vwåhr Am[U Vw_Mm Y_© Jw¨SmiyZ Rodm. Agm gUgUrV Bemam amOm¨Zr [Xbm. amOm¨Zr Y_©_mVªS nwamo[hVm¨Mr hm¨Or-hm¨Or Hobr Zmhr. g¨ñH¥VrÀ`m ZmdmImbr Hobr OmUmar [nidUyH Wm¨~[dÊ`mgmRr amOm¨Zr d¡[XHm¨Mm [damoY PwJméZ [Xbm d ZoVmOr nmbHam¨Zm ñdY_m©V KoVbo. AmVm Xwgar AË`¨V _hËdmMr KQZm åhUOo g¨^mOramOm¨À`m HmimV Am¡a¨Jm~mX àm¨VmVrb Hg~o hagwb `oWrb J¨JmYa a¨JZmW HwbHUu `mZo Y_mªVa Hobo hmoVo. Ë`mZo ñdIwerZo _wgb_mZ Y_© pñdHmabm hmoVm. gºrZo Ë`mMo Y_mªVa Pmbo ZìhVo. nU nwTo J¨JmYa HwbHUubm naV Y_mªV `oÊ`mMr BÀNm Pmbr. J¨JmYa^mB© HwbHUu g¨^mOramOm¨HSo Ambm d Ë`mZo amOm¨Odi ñdY_m©V `oÊ`mMr BÀNm ì`º Hobr. (g¨X^©: N.g¨^mOr ñ_maH J¨«W. n¥.183) nU ZoVmOr nmbHam¨Zm ñdY_m©V KoVmZm Ogm [damoY Hobm hmoVm Vgm J¨JmYa HwbHUubm ~«m÷Um¨Zr [damoY Hobm Zmhr. `m àg¨Jr gd© ^Q-nwamo[hV _yJ [JiyZ Jßn ~gbo. ZoVmOtMo gºrZo Y_mªVa Hobo hmoVo Vgo J¨JmYaMo gºrMo Y_mªVa ZìhVo. Var ZoVmOr nmbHa d amOm¨Zm ~«m÷Um¨Zr d¡[XH Y_m©Vrb AZoH HmaUo gm¨JyZ àIa [damoY Hobm. _J J¨JmYa HwbHUuÀ`m doiog HwRo Jobm Y_© Am[U g¨ñH¥Vr? ZoVmOr nmbHam¨À`m Y_mªVambm d¡[XH Y_©J¨«WmVrb à_mUmìXmao HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm `mnmRr_mJo ZoVmOr nmbHam¨HSyZ Y_mªVa [dYrgmRr YZ-g¨nÎmr [_i[dÊ`mÀ`m ~«m÷Um¨Mm hoVy Agmdm. åhUyZM ZoVmOr nmbHam¨À`m Y_mªVamg gd© ~«m÷Um¨Zr [damoY Hobm. åhUOo J¨«Wm¨Mm AmYma KoDZ [damoY HaÊ`m_mJo Y_©, g¨ñH¥Vr Am[U VËdkmZ `m~m~V ~«m÷Um¨Zm lÕm Va \º n¡gm-g¨nÎmr [_imdr Am[U dU©ì`dñWoìXmao ~«m÷Um¨Mo dM©ñd gd© OmVtda ahmdo `mgmRrM Vo Y_©J¨«WmMm dmna HaVmV. `mMm AW© Y_©J¨«WmMo XmoZ ^mJ nSVmV. ~«m÷Um¨Mo Y_©J¨«W d ~hwOZm¨Mo Y_©J¨«W. `mdéZ [gÕ hmoVo Hr, ~«m÷Um¨Zm d«Vd¡Hë`o d J¨«Wm¨Mo àm_mÊ` _mÝ` Zmhr. nU Ë`m¨Zr ~hwOZm¨Zm _mÌ nmn-nwÊ`mMr [^Vr XmIdyZ AW©gÎmm àñWm[nV Hobr Amho. Y_mªVa àg¨Jr ZoVmOr nmbHam¨À`m n¡emda ~«m÷Um¨Mm Smoim hmoVm nU J¨JmYa HwbHUuÀ`m HSyZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr n¡emMr Hm Anojm Rodbr Zmhr? `mMm AW© ~«m÷Um¨Mm Am[U ~hwOZg_mOmMm Y_© EH Zmhr. VgoM ~«m÷U ho Xod, Y_© Am[U g¨ñH¥Vrbm _mZV ZmhrV. ~«m÷U ho ñdV: Xod _mZV ZmhrV \º Xod _mZÊ`mMo ZmQH HaVm. gwg¨ñH¥VnUmMo ZmQH HaVmV. åhUOo ~hwOZg_mO XodmY_m©À`m ZmXr bmJmdm hm Ë`m¨Mm hoVy AgVmo. Xod hm ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~hwOZ g_mOmbm JmSÊ`mgmRrM [Z_m©U Hobm Amho. Ë`m_wio ~«m÷U XodmÀ`m Xa~mamV C_©QnUo n¡gm CHiVmV, ImoQo ~mobVmV, ^ºm¨Zm X_XmQr HaVmV, Xodmbm An©U Hoboë`m gd© dñVw Am[U n¡gm ñdV: KoVmV, _J `m [RHmUr Xod _yJ [JiyZ Hm Jßn ~gVmo? `mM AW© ~«m÷U X¡ddmXr ZmhrV. ^maVr` g¨ñH¥VrMo Vo nmbZ HarV ZmhrV. nU ~hwOZg_mOmZo Hamdo `mgmRr Vo ~hwOZm¨Zm Xodm-Y_mªMr [^Vr KmbVmV. åhUyZ ZoVmOr nmbHam¨À`m Y_mªVamg ~«m÷Um¨Zr [damoY Hobm nU J¨JmYa HwbHUubm Ë`m¨Zr [damoY Hobm Zmhr. g¨^mOramOm¨Zm _moJbm¨À`m Vmã`mV XoUmam [dœmgKmVHr H[d Hwboe [edmOramOo Am[U g¨^mOramOo `m [nVm nwÌmV ^m¨SU bmdÊ`mMm _moamon¨V, AÊUmOr XÎmmo `m¨Zr HgmoerZo à`ËZ Hobm. `mgmRr Ë`m¨Zr g¨^mOramOm¨[déÕ ImoQçm A\dm ngadë`m. "[edam`m¨Zm g¨^mOr~Ôb ào_ Zmhr, Vo amOmam_mbm dmagXma HaUma AmhoV' Aem àHmaÀ`m A\dm ngadyZ g¨^mOramOm¨Zm ^SH[dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm. `m_Ü`o ~«m÷U _¨Í`m¨Zm `e Ambo Zmhr. XmoKm [nVm nwÌm¨Zr ~«m÷Um¨Zm Mm¨JboM AmoiIbo hmoVo. [XboaImZmMr AmH«_HVm amoIÊ`mgmRr [edam`m¨Zr g¨^mOramOm¨Zm _moJbm¨HSo nmR[dbo hmoVo. nwTo ho [XboaImZmÀ`m bjmV `oVmM [edam`m¨Zr g¨^mOrbm gmoSdyZ AmUbo. Am[U g¨^mOramOm¨Zm nÝhmiçmMo gw^oXma Hobo. H[d Hwboe `m ~«m÷UmZo g¨^mOrer _¡Ìr g¨nmXZ Hobr. g¨^mOramOo Am[U gd© _amRo gaXma `m¨À`mV ^m¨SU bmdÊ`mMm HwboemZo à`ËZ Hobm. g¨nÎmr Am[U nXmÀ`m bmbgoZo Vmo amOm¨À`m Aml`mbm Ambm. ñdHV©¥ËdmZo _moRo Pmbobo ~hwOZ ZoVo qHdm amOmÀ`m Odi ~«m÷U `oVmV. Jar~m¨Mr Vo HYrM hm¨Or-hm¨Or HaV ZmhrV. nU ZoVo Am[U amOo `m¨À`mOdi Vo nwU© ñdmW© gmYÊ`mgmRr amhVmV. nU OmñV g¨nÎmr Xwgè`m ~mOyHSyZ [_iVmM Vo Amnë`m ZoË`mMmhr KmV HaVmV. AJXr AgmM àg¨J g¨^mOramOm¨À`m OrdZmV KSbm. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo Hwboembm g¨nÎmr XoVmM Ë`mZo Am¡a¨JOo~mbm nwU© ghHm`© Hobo. Am[U g¨^mOramOm¨Mm KmV Hobm. Á`m Hwboembm amOm¨Zr N¨XmoJm_mË` (_w»` àYmZ) Hobo CÎma ^maVmVyZ Amboë`m Hwboembm [OdmnmS Onbo. Ë`mZo amOm¨Mm Ord KoVbm. Hwboemda amOm¨Zr g¨nwU© [dœmg QmHbm. Ë`mZoM amOm¨Mm [dœmgKmV Hobm. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo Hwboembm n¡gm XoVmM Ë`mZo amOm¨er Vm~SVmo~ JÔmar Hobr. `mMo Hwboembm Hmhrhr dmQbo Zmhr. åhUOo X`m HaUmamer XoIrb [ZX©`nUo dmJUo hm `m¨Mm ñWm`r ^md Amho. am`JSmda hëbm HaÊ`mMr Am¡a¨JOo~mMr _mohr_ hmoVr. nU Ë`mgmRr Am¡a¨JOo~mbm am`JS _m[hV Zgë`m_wio JSmMr à[VH¥Vr (_m°Sob) hdr hmoVr. hr à[VH¥Vr V`ma HaÊ`mMr OmoIr_ HwboemZo KoVbr. Ë`m ~Xë`mV Am¡a¨JOo~mZo Hwboembm Iyn n¡gm [Xbm. HwboemZo ho Hm_ Ë`mÀ`m _wbmHSo gmon[dbo. åhUOo Hwboe g¨^mOrgmo~V amhyZ Am¡a¨JOo~mbm _XV HarV hmoVm. amOm¨À`m [Z_©i Am[U ào_i _ZmMm HwboemZo J¡a\m`Xm KoVbm. åhUOo H[d Hwboe hm Am¡a¨JOo~mMm [hVqMVH hmoVm Am[U amOm¨Mm eÌy hmoVm. amOm¨Zm nHSyZ XoÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar H[d HwboemZoM [ñdHmabr. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo H[d Hwboembm Iyn n¡gm [Xbm. amOo am`JSmda OmÊ`mgmR [ZKmbo, dmQoV g¨J_oœa `oWo Wm¨~bo. Voìhm amOo H[d Hwboembm åhUmbo, " AmnU bdHa am`JSmHSo OmD. `m [RHmUr YmoHm hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.' Voìhm Hwboe åhUmbm, ""`oWo HmoUrhr `oUma Zmhr.' Am[U H[dHwboe AZwðmZmg ~gbm. Voìhm amOm¨Zr H[dHwboembm bdHa [ZKÊ`mMm AmJ«h Hobm na¨Vy H[dHwboemZoM AZwðmZmV OmUrdnwd©H dmT Hobr. g¨^mOramOm¨Zm H[dHwboemZo g¨J_oœa `oWo amoIyZ Yaë`mMr ImÌrbm`H ~mV_r Am¡a¨JOo~mbm g_Obr. Am[U bJoM Am¡a¨JOo~mZo _wHa©~ImZ Am[U BIbmgImZmbm HmoëhmnwamdéZ g¨J_oœabm nmR[dbo. Ë`m¨Zr VmVSrZo `oDZ g¨^mOramOo d Hwboembm nHSbo. nU `m àg¨Jr amOo KmoSçmda [ZgQbo hmoVo nU Hwboe AmoaSbm "_hmamO _¡ [Ja J`m'! [ZgQbobo amOo H[d Hwboembm dmMdÊ`mgmRr naV [\abo Am[U bJoM Ë`m¨Zm nHSÊ`mV Ambo (g¨X^©- [ZHmobmAmo _ZwMr [bIrV Ago hmoVo _moJb- n¥.288) Ooìhm amOm¨Zm nHSÊ`mV Ambo Voìhm Vo nwU© gmdY hmoVo. amOo HmoUË`mhr [dYrV _½Z ZìhVo. `m CbQ amOo bdHa [ZKÊ`mMm AmJ«h Hwboembm HaV hmoVo. åhUOo amOm¨Zm XwaX¥ïr hmoVr. nU HwboemZo AZwðmZmMo [Z[_Îm HéZ amOm¨Zm Am¡a¨JOo~mMo g¡Ý` `oB©n`ªV ASdyZ Yabo hmoVo. g¨^mOramOm¨gma»`m gai _ZmÀ`m amOmMm Aem àHmao H[dHwboemZo HmQm HmTbm d ~XZm_ Hob.o amOm¨À`m JUmoOr [eHo© d ZmJmoOr [eHo© `m _ohwÊ`m¨Zr. Hwboembm [ZXmo©e gmoSÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Ur B[VhmgHmam¨Zr amOm¨Zm JUmoOr Am[U ZmJmoOr [eHo© `m¨Zr nHSyZ [Xbo Ago YmXm¨V ImoQo [b[hbo. amOHmaUmV [HVrhr ñdmW© Agbm Varhr Amnë`m ~[hUrMo Hw¨Hy nwgmdo Ago HmoUË`mhr ^mdmbm dmQV ZgVo. JUmoOr-ZmJmoOr ho `ogw~mB©Mo ^mD hmoVo. Ë`m¨ZrM amOm¨Zm nHSyZ [Xbo Agm AnàMma ~«m÷Ur boIHm¨Zr Hobm. åhUOo Hw«a, ñdmWu, b~mS H[dHwboembm [ZXmo©f gmoSÊ`mgmRr ZmJmoOr-JUmoOrbm ~XZm_ HéZ ~[hU-^mdmMo n[dÌ ZmË`mbm XoIrb AZoH njnmVr boIHm¨Zr Hb¨H bmdbm Amho. (H[dHwboe `mÀ`m [\Vwar_wioM g¨^mOramOm¨Zm Am¡a¨Jo~mZo nHSbo Agm ñnï CëboI B©œaXmg ZmJa, am°~Q© Am_©, [ZHmbmAmo _ZwMr `m naHr` boIHm¨Zr Hobobm Amho. g¨X^©- N. g¨^mOr ñ_maH J¨«W-n¥. 170, 194, 195, 171) Am¡aJOo~mZo g¨^mOramOm¨Zm _Zwñ_¥Vrg¨[hVoà_mUo Rma _mabo Am¡aJOo~mZo g¨^mOramOm¨à_mUo AmOnªV HmoUmbmhr Rma Hobo ZìhVo. amOm¨Zm EHm KmdmV Rma _maÊ`mEodOr doJir [ejm Hm XoÊ`mV Ambr Agmdr? àW_ amOm¨Mr Or^ HmnÊ`mV Ambr. `mdéZ Ago AZw_mZ [ZKVo Hr g¨^mOramOm¨Zr g¨ñH¥Vda à^wËd [_i[dbo hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zr Mma J¨«W [b[hbo hmoVo åhUyZM àW_ Ë`m¨Mr Or^ HmnÊ`mMm gëbm ~«m÷U gëbmJmam¨Zr [Xbm. Z¨Va amOm¨Mo H«_e: HmZ, Smoio, ËdMm HmTÊ`mV Ambr. hr [ZX©` [ejm _Zwñ_¥Vr g¨[hVoà_mUo XoÊ`mV Ambr. åhUOoM Am¡a¨JOo~mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ amOm¨Zm hr [ejm ~«m÷Um¨Zr [Xbr. H[dHwboembm XoIrb Am¡a¨JOo~mZo [Od¨V Rodbo Zmhr. HmaU [OdmnmS ào_ HaUmè`m amOm¨gma»`m ñdm[^_mZr, ào_i, [Z_©i Am[U [OdbJ [_Ìmda CbQbobm Hwboe Amnbm HYr KmV Harb ho gm¨JVm `oUma Zmhr. åhUyZM Am¡a¨JOo~mZo HwboembmXoIrb Rma _mabo. HmaU Am¡a¨JOo~mMm hm MmbVm ~mobVm B[VhmgM hmoVm. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo g»Io ^mD VgoM [OdbJ gaXma [XboaImZ, [_Pm©amOo, O`qgJ `m [dœmgy gaXmam¨Zmhr Rma _mabo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio _XV HaUmè`m H[dHwboembm Am¡a¨JOo~mZo [Od¨V RodUo eŠ` ZìhVo. HmaU Hwboembm Ë`mMm _mo~Xbm Am¡a¨JOo~mZo [Xbm hmoVm. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo g¨^mOramOm¨Zm Y_© ìXofmZo Rma _mabo ZgwZ amOHr` g¨Kfm©_wio Rma _mabo. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo amOm¨Zm \ŠV XmoZM àíZ [dMmabo. Vw_À`m I[OÝ`mÀ`m Mmì`m HmoRo AmhoV?> Am[U _mÂ`m gaXmam¨n¡Hr Vwåhmbm HmoU [\Vya Amho? åhUOo Am¡a¨JOo~mZo amOm¨Zm Y_mªVamMm AmJ«h Yabm ZìhVm d g¨^mOramOm¨Zr Y_mªVamgmRr _wbrMr _mJUr Hobr ZìhVr. amOm¨Mr hË`m Pmë`mZ¨Va ~«m÷Um¨Zr AmZ¨XmoËgd åhUwZ JwTrnmSdm gwé Hobm. [edeH ~¨X HéZ _moJbm¨Mr \gbreH gwé HaUmao noedo [dœd¨Ú [edam`m¨À`m IwZmZ¨Va N. g¨^mOramOo, amOmam_, Vmam~mB© Am[U emhwamOm¨Zr ^y[_nwÌm¨À`m ñdamÁ`mMo g¨ajU d g¨dY©Z Hobo. 1713 gmbr emhwamOm¨Zr HmÝhmoOr Am¨J«o _mo[h_oda ~mimOr [dœZmW ^Q `mbm OmÊ`mg gm¨[JVbo. nU Ë`mZo _bm gdm©[YHma [Xë`m[edm` _r _mo[h_oda OmUma Zmhr Ago ~mimOr ^Q emhyamOm¨Zm C_©QnUo åhUmbm. emhyamOm¨Zm ASMUrV nHSyZ ~mimOr ^QmZo noedonX KoVbo. Am[U Aem àHmao [edmOr_hmamOm¨Zr HïmZo C^mabobo J[a~m¨Mo ñdamÁ` aºrnmgy, AË`mMmar, OmV`dmXr, XoeX«mohr Am[U [edmOrX«mohr noeì`m¨À`m hmVmV Jobo. noeì`m¨À`m hmVmV gÎmm `oVmM noeì`m¨Zr [edam`m¨Zr amÁ`m[^foHmnmgyZ gwé Hobobm [edeH ~¨X Hobm. g¨nwU© _hmamï—mMm Hma^ma [edeHmà_mUo MmbV hmoVm. Vmo [edeH noeì`m¨Zr ~¨X HéZ Ë`mEodOr _moJb ~mXehmMr \gbreH gwé HaUmao noedo `m¨Zr [edmOramOm¨À`m gd© nmDbIwUm Zï HaÊ`mg Ama¨^ Hobm. [edmOramOm¨Mo g¨nyU© Hm`© nwgÊ`mMm gnmQm noeì`m¨Zr gwé Hobm. noeì`m¨Zr AÝ`m`mMm Hig JmRbm. dU©^oX d OmVr^oXmMr noeì`m¨Zr nwZ©ñWmnZm Hobr. QmoHmMm Y_©_mVªSnUm gwé Pmb. ho amï—[nVm Omo[Vamd \wbo `m¨Zr nm[hbo. gd© OJmbm [edmOramOm¨À`m Hm`m©~Ôb H_mbrMm AmXa AgVmZm amOm¨À`m JmXrda A[VH«_U Hoboë`m noeì`m¨Zr _mÌ [ed[eH ~¨X HéZ _moJb ~mXehmMm \gbreH gwé HaÊ`m_mJo _wbb_mZm¨Mm AZwZ` HaÊ`mMm noeì`m¨Zr à`ËZ Hobm. [edmOramOm¨~Ôb noeì`m¨Zm AgUmar K¥Um `m [RHmUr ñnï OmUdVo. ^maVmgh gd© OJmVrb _wgb_mZm¨Zm Iwf HaÊ`mgmRr noeì`m¨Zr ñdamÁ`mda Zm¨Ja [\adbm. [OOmD_m±gmho~m¨Zr ~m¨Ybobm ^ì`-[Xì` bmb_hmb nmSyZ Ë`m [RHmUr e[ZdmadmSm ~m¨Ybm. [edeH ~¨X HéZ \gbreH gwé HaÊ`m_mJo noeì`m¨Mm EH Smd hmoVm, Vmo åhUOo _wgb_mZm¨Mo amÁ` g¨nwU© ^maVmV `oB©b Am[U Ë`m¨Mm daXhñV AmnUmda Hm`_Mm ahmdm `mgmRr noeì`m¨Zr \gbreH gwé Hobm. na¨Vw B¨J«Om¨Zr AmKmSr _mabr Am[U g¨nyU© ^maV B¨J«Om¨Zr qOHbm. Voìhm B¨J«Om¨Zr noeì`m¨Zm XoIrb nam^yV Hobo. noeì`m¨Mm \gbreH gwé HaÊ`m_mJMm Smd \gbm. Ë`mZ¨Va ~«m÷Um¨Zr [J«Jo[a`Z H°bo¨Sa (OmZodmar- [Sgo¨~a) [ñdHmabo. HmaU ho nm[íM_mË`m¨Mo H°bo¨Sa Amho. åhUOo B¨J«Om¨Mr gÎmm ^maVmV Amë`m~amo~a gd© B¨J«Or ^mfm, H°bo¨Sa, [ejU, ZmoHar d B¨J«Om¨er _¡Ìr ~«m÷Um¨Zr [ñdHmabr. åhUOo YZ, g¨nÎmr Am[U gÎmogmRr [edmOramOm¨À`m ñdamÁ`mbm noeì`m¨Zr gwé¨J bmdbm. (g_wX« Amobm¨SUo nmn Amho, Ago q~~dUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨ZrM b¨SZ `oWo OmDZ [ejU KoVbo. ~hwOZg_mOmbm OJmMo kmZ hmoD Z`o `mgmRrM ~«m÷Um¨Zr qgYw~¨Xr gwé Hobr. B¨J«O[damoY `mnmRr_mJo ~«m÷Um¨Mm ñdmW© hmoVm. gmdaHam¨Mo [ejU b¨SZ `oWo Pmbo. dmgwXod ~id¨V \SHo, _¨Jb nm¨So ho XoIrb B¨J«Om¨HSo ZmoHarbm hmoVo. ~«m÷U ñdV:Mr _wbo B¨J«Or emioV KmbVmV Varhr B¨J«Orbm [damoY HaVmV. HmaU ~hwOZg_mO B¨J«Or ^mfm [eHbm Va Ë`m¨Mr _wbo ~«m÷U _wbm¨Mr ñnY©H hmoVrb åhUyZ ~«m÷U B¨J«Or ^mfobm [damoY HaVmV. ~«m÷Um¨Mo _amRr ^mfodarb ào_mMo \º Tmo¨J Amho. OJmV ñnYo©V [QHÊ`mgmRr B¨J«Or ^mfm [eHmdr. HmaU B¨J«Or OJmVrb gdm©V gmonr ^mfm Amho. B¨J«Or hr kmZ, g¨nH©, d¡[œH ^mfm Amho.) [edO`¨Vr ~¨X nmSÊ`mgmRr [QiHmZo JUoemoËgd gwé Hobm noeì`m¨Zr am`JSmdarb XßVaImZm Omibm, amUrdgm nmSbm, amOXa~ma VmoSbm, g_mYr CÕñV Hobr, amOm¨Zr _wpñb_ g¡[ZHm¨gmRr ~m¨Ybobr _[eX nmSbr, nU OJ[XœamÀ`m _¨[Xambm hmV bmdbm Zmhr. åhUyZM AmO am`JSmdarb _¨[Xa Mm¨Jbo Amho nU amOXa~ma Zï Pmbobm Amho. amï—[nVm Omo[Vamd \wbo `m¨Zm [edam`m¨À`m ñdamÁ`mMr d¡[XHm¨Zr Mmbdbobr [dQ¨~Zm nmhdoZm, åhUyZ amï—[nVm \wbo 1869 gmbr am`JSmda Jobo. [edO`¨Vr gwé HaÊ`mgmRr Ë`m¨Zr amOm¨À`m g_mYrMm Vnmg Hobm, nU Ë`m¨Zm g_mYr gmnSoZm. VrZ [Xdg amï—[nVm OmoVramd \wbo VWm VmË`m `m¨Zr dobr VmoSyZ KmUoar HmTbr d g_mYrMm emoY KoVbm. VmË`mamdm¨Zr g_mYr YwdyZ ñdÀN Hobr. amOm¨À`m g_mYrg VmË`mamdm¨Zr ^ºr^mdmZo A[^dmXZ Hobo Am[U g_mYrda \wbo dm[hbr. VmË`m [edam`m¨À`m g_mYrMr nwOm Hoë`mMo J«m_Omoerg g_Obo Voìhm OmoetÀ`m Vinm`mMr AmJ _ñVHmbm Jobr. Vmo g_mYrOdi Ambm Am[U g_mYrdarb \wbo bmWoZo ~mOybm gmabr Am[U VmË`m¨Zm åhUmbm "Aao HwU~Qm! Ë`m eyX« [edmOrMr Vy nyOm HaVmog Hm`? Vmo Hm` amOm hmoVm hmo`'? Ago Adm©À` ^mfoV ^Q Omoer amï—[nVm \wbo Am[U [edam`m¨Zm ~moby bmJbm. VmË`m¨Zm Iyn Xw:I Pmbo. Ë`mZ¨Va VmË`m¨Zr [edam`m¨Mm Iyn Mm¨Jbm nmodmSm [b[hbm. VmË`m¨Zr [edO`¨Vrbm gwédmV Hobr. (1870) nwÊ`mgh g¨nyU© _hmamï—mV am. \wbo `m¨Zr [edO`¨Vr _moRçm CËgmhmZo gwé Hobr. noeì`m¨Zm `mMr MrS Ambr, nU Vo [edO`¨Vrbm WoQ [damoY Hé eHV ZìhVo. HmaU am.\wbo `m¨Zr 24 gßQo¨~a 1873 amoOr ñWmnZ Hoboë`m gË`emoYH g_mOmZo _hmamï—mV \ma _moRr OmJ¥Vr Hobr hmoVr. [edO`¨Vrbm WoQ [damoY HaUo AeŠ` Agë`mZo Ë`m¨Zr n`m©` [Xbm. Vmo n`m©` åhUOo JUmoËgd! JUnVr hm noeì`m¨Mm Xod Amho. ~hwOZg_mOmMm JUnVrer Hmhrhr g¨~¨Y Zmhr. nU noedo H¡dmar ~mi J¨JmYa [QiHmZo [edO`¨Vrbm amoIÊ`mgmRr noeì`m¨À`m ImOJr JUnVrMm gmd©O[ZH CËgd Hobm. åhUOo [QiHmZo [edO`¨Vr g¨nmdr `mgmRr 1893 gmbr JUmoËgd gwé Hobm. bmbm bOnVam`m¨Zr [gdmoOr ZmMmMo CXy©_YyZ [edM[aÌ [b[hbo. Ë`m_wio amOo n¨Om~-qgY (AmVmMo nm[HñVmZ) n`ªV g_Obo. aqdX«ZmW QmJmoa, ZoVmOr gw^mfM¨X« ~mog `m¨Mo [edmOramOo ho AmamÜ` X¡dV hmoVo. H_©dra ^mDamd nmQrb åhUmbo Hr àg¨Jr OÝ_XmË`m ~mnmMo Zmd ~XboZ nU Hm°boObm [Xbobo [edmOramOm¨Mo Zmd _r HYrM ~XbUma Zmhr. Vo ^mDamd nmQrb O¡Z hmoVo. Ë`m¨À`m_wio [edmOramOm¨À`m a`Vobm [ejU [_imbo. H_©dra Sm°._m_mgmho~ OJXmio, Sm°.n¨Om~amd Xoe_wI, amOfu emhy _hmamO, H«m¨Vrqgh ZmZm nmQrb, g¨V JmSJo~m~m, à~moYZHma Hoed gr. RmHao B. g_mOgwYmaHmMr [edam`m¨da AZÝ`[Zðm hmoVr. ^maVr` amÁ`KQZoMo [eënHma [dœ^yfU ^maVaËZ Sm°.~m~mgmho~ `m¨Mm [edM[aÌmMm gImob Aä`mg hmoVm. Ë`m¨Zr ewX« nwdu HmoU hmoVo? `m J«¨WmV [edmOramOm¨~m~V Iyn gImob _m[hbr [b[hbobr Amho. [edmOramOm¨À`m [ÌeVmãXr CËgdmÀ`m [Z[_ÎmmZo ~Xbmnwa `oWo Am`mo[OV Hoboë`m g_ma¨^mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr Sm°.~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHa hmoVo. `m àg¨Jr amOm¨À`m OrdZmda Aä`mgnwU© Am[U à^mdr ^mfU Hobo. Ë`m_wio amOm¨Mo An[a[MV én OZVobm g_Obo. [edmOramOm¨À`m amÁ`m[^foHmbm ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hoboë`m [damoYmMm ~Xbm Sm°.Am¨~oSHam¨Zr KoVbm. Sm°.Am¨~oSHam¨Zr ~hwOZ g_mOmbm amOm hmoÊ`mMo ñdV¨Ì [Xbo, Vwåhr eyX« AmhmV Ë`m_wio _w»`_¨Ìr hmoVm `oUma Zmhr. Ago AmO HmoUrhr ~«m÷U åhUUma Zmhr. hm A[YHma gd© ~hwOZ g_mOmbm Sm°.Am¨~oSHam¨Zr [Xbm. amï—[nVm Á`mo[Vamd \wbo `m¨Zr [edO`¨Vr gwé Hobr. åhUOo \wbo, Am¨~oSHa `m Jwé [eî`m¨Zm [edmOramOm¨Mm gmW© A[^_mZ hmoVm. Ë`m¨Mo amOm¨da Smoig ào_ hmoVo. Am¨Yio ào_ ZìhVo. [edmOramOm¨Mo ^m¨Sdb HéZ \wbo-Am¨~oSHam¨Zr g_mOm_Ü`o Ym[_©H d OmVr` X¨Jo [Z_m©U Hobo ZmhrV. qHdm [edmOramOm¨À`mìXmao Ë`m¨Zr ~hwOZ g_mOmMo d¡[XHrHaU Hobo Zmhr. \wbo-Am¨~oSHam¨Zr [edmOramOm¨Mm Iam B[Vhmg Xoembm gm¨[JVbm. Sm°.Am¨~oSHa boQahoSda O` [edam` [bhm`Mo. gm[hË`aËZ Wmoa Xoe^º Am[U g_mOgwYmaH AÊUm^mD gmRo `m¨Zr JUnVrbm d¨XZ AgUmam nma¨nm[aH JU ~Xbbm. JUmMm Ama¨^ [edNÌnVtZm d¨XZ HéZM gwé Hobm. AÊUm^mD¨Zr [edam`m¨da _hmamï—mMr na¨nam hm nmodmSm [b[hbm AmÊUm^mD a[e`mV Joë`mZ¨Va Ë`m[RHmUr [edM[aÌmda a[e`Z àm.Mo[b[ed AmÊUm¨Zm ^oQbo. AmÊUm¨Zr Ë`m¨Zm [edam`m¨À`m~m~V Iyn Xw[_©i _m[hVr gm¨[JVbr. åhUOoM AmÊUm^mD¨_wioM a[e`Z OZVobm [edam`m¨Mo Hm`© _m[hV Pmbo. [edam`m¨Mo Hm`© Am¨Vaamï—r` d amï—r` ñVamda nmohM[dÊ`mgmRr ~hwOZ g_mOmVrb [dMmad¨Vm¨Zr _mobmMo Hm`© Hobo Amho. [edam`m¨Zm _`m©[XV HaUmao AÌo-_hmOZ ñdmV¨Í`àmßVrZ¨Va [edmOramOm¨Mo OrdZ d Hm`© amÁ`ñVamda d OmVrñVamda RodÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷U ZoË`m¨Zr OmUrdnwd©H à`ËZ Hobo. g¨`wº _hmamï—mÀ`m Am¨XmobZàg¨Jr à.Ho. AÌo `m¨Zr BVa amÁ`mda [QHm HaVmZm [edmOramOm¨Mm dmna Hobm. BVa amÁ`m¨Zm \ŠV ^yJmob Amho. nU _hmamï—mbm ^yJmobmgh B[Vhmg Amho. Ago Qmo_Uo _maV amOm¨Mo Zmd KoVbo. Ë`m_wio [edam`m¨À`m à[V_obm _`m©Xm nSë`m amOHmaUmV [edam`m¨Mm dmna gwé Pmbm. amOHr` njm¨Mr ~m¨YUr [edam`m¨À`m ZmdmZo Pmbr. na¨Vw à~moYZHmam¨Mm [edmOr OZVobm gm¨[JVbmM Zmhr. à~moYZHma Hoed gr.RmHao ho Wmoa B[Vhmg g¨emoYH d g_mOgwYmaH hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zr [edam`m¨Mm Iam B[Vhmg OZVobm gm¨[JVbm. à~moYZHma RmHao åhUV Hr, [edmOramOo 33 HmoQr Xodm¨nojm _hmZ AmhoV. SmoŠ`mVyZ X¡ddmX HmTyZM [edam`m¨Mm Aä`mg Hamdm. [edmOramOm¨Mm à^md Hmí_ranmgyZ HÝ`mHw_marn`ªV Amho. n¨Om~Mo bmbm bOnVam`, aqdX«ZmW QmJmoa, _X«mgMo no[a`ma am_mñdm_r, am_M¨X«Z, B¨½b¨SMo J«°Q S\, a[e`mMo àm.Mo[beod, BQbrMo [ZHmo[bAmo _ZwMr, nmoVw©JmbMo Hm°ñ_m [X JmSm©, ~w¨XobI¨SmMo amOm NÌgmb, _moJbm¨Mm Im\rImZ, n¨Om~Mo ^JVqgJ, B¨XmoaMo hmoiHa, V¨Omda, qOOr, ½dmëhoa `oWrb OZVobm amOm¨~Ôb AË`¨V [ZVm¨V AmXa Amho. 17ì`m eVHmVXoIrb g¨nwU© ^maVmV amOm¨da ào_ hmoVo. åhUwZM [edmOramOo Ooìhm 1666 gmbr AmJ«m `oWo Jobo Voìhm amOm¨Zm nmhÊ`mgmRr VoWo ZmJ[aHm¨À`m XwV\m© am¨Jm bmJë`m hmoË`m. ~aoMOU C¨M _Oë`mdéZ amOm¨Zm nmhV hmoVo. 1676 gmbr Ooìhm amOo h¡X«m~mXbm Jobo hmoVo Voìhm h¡X«m~mX ehamV _moRr [_adUyH HmTbr hmoVr d amOm¨Zm EH _[hZm^a ~mXehmZo nmhyUMma Hobm hmoVm. `mMm AW© 17ì`m eVHm¨V XiUdiUmMr HmoUVrhr gmYZo ZgVmZm amOm¨Mm g¨nwU© ^maV Xoemda à^md hmoVm, [ìhEVZm_bm amOm¨Mm gmW© A[^_mZ Amho. AmOXoIrb OJmV amOm¨Mo g_W©H AgVmZm à_moX _hmOZ åhUVmV Hr, "[edmOramOm¨Mo joÌ Mma [Oëhçm¨nwaVoM hmoVo' `mMm AW© amOm¨Mr amï—nwéf Am[U [dœd¨Ú hr Iar AmoiI _hmOZm¨Zm IQHV Amho. nm`nmog qH_VrMo _hmOZ ñdV:bm Hm` g_OVmV? amOm¨Mo loðËd ZmHmaUmao _hmOZ amOm¨Mo Iao eÌy AmhoV. AÌo, _hmOZm¨Mr amOm~m~VMr ^w[_Hm Ë`m¨À`m dºì`mdéZ ñnï hmoVo åhUOo amOm¨À`m Hm`©HV©¥ËdmMm à^mdrnUm Ë`m¨Zm gbV Amho ho [gÕ hmoVo. [edmOramOo Hodi àXoem_mJyZ àXoe qOHUmao d ñdV:bm g_«mQ åhUyZ [_adUmao amOo ZìhVo. amOm¨Zr qOHboë`m àXoemMr amÁ`ì`dñWm CÎm_ Hobr Ë`mA¨VJ©V eoVr, Ý`m`, _hgwb, ñÌr YmoaU, Ym[_©H YmoaU `m~m~V amOm¨Zr CÎm_ [Z`moOZ Hobo. åhUyZM amOm¨À`m IyZmZ¨Va g¨^mOramOm¨À`m [ZYZmZ¨Va XoIrb _hmamï—mVrb gd© OZVm àmUnUmZo gd© eÌy [déÕ bTbr. åhUOo amOm¨Zr OZVo_Ü`o ñdmV¨Í` Am[U A^¨J AmÎ_[dídmg [Z_m©U Hobm. amOm¨À`m Z¨Va gVV 27 dfo© Am¡a¨JOo~ amOYmZrnmgyZ _hmamï—mV am[hbm. nU Am¡a¨JOo~mbm [edam`m¨Mo ñdamÁ` qOHVm Ambo Zmhr. Ë`m_Ü`o XwXo©dr A¨V Pmbm nU Am¡a¨JOo~mbm `e [_imbo Zmhr. Hm~ybnmgyZ HbHË`mn`ªV gÎmm AgUmè`m Am¡a¨JOo~mbm ghçmX«r qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. Am¡a¨JOo~mMo A[Z`¨[ÌV d AÝ`m`r amÁ` amOm¨nojm _moRo nU Vo Zï Pmbo. Ë`mà_mUoM A[Z`¨[ÌV amÁ` HaUmè`m à_moX _hmOZm¨À`m SmoŠ`mV amOm¨Zm H_r boIÊ`mMm [dMma `oVmo. _hmOZm¨Mo ho Am¡a¨JOo~r à[Vq~~ Amho. EHm ~mOybm b¨SZMo J±«S S\ åhUVmV amOo Hodi YmSer bTdæ`o ZìhVo Va gm_m[OH Am[U AW©HmaU `m¨Mr CÎm_ OmU AgUmao amOHmaUr nwéf hmoVo. Ë`m¨À`m MmUmj `moOHVo_wioM hV~b Pmboë`m ~hwOZm¨Zm gÎmm[Ye hmoVm Ambo. åhUOo ñdmV¨Í`mnwduXoIrb S\ gma»`m B¨J«O A[YHmè`m¨Zm amOm¨Mr Wmoadr àHfm©Zo OmUdbr, Va ñdmV¨Í`mZ¨Va nÞmg dfm©Z¨Va _hmOZm¨Zm amOm¨Mr Wmoadr gbV Amho. [edmOramOm¨Mo ghm ^mfoda à^wÎd hmoVo. _amRr, qhXr, CXy©, HÞS, g¨ñH¥V, VobJy B. ^mfm amOm¨Zm CÎm_ àHmao `oV hmoË`m. B¨J«Or g¨^mfUmgmRr amOm¨HSo Zmam`U eoUdr hm Xw^mfm hmoVm. B¨J«Or~Ôb amOm¨Zm Iyn AmñWm hmoVr. B¨J«OrMm amOm¨Zr HYrhr ìXof Hobm Zmhr. B¨J«Or ^mfobm [damoY HaUmao amOm¨Mo ^º Zìho Va eÌy AmhoV HmaU ~hwOZ g_mOmbm B¨J«Or `oD Z`o Vo Amnbo ñnY©H hmoVrb åhUyZ amOm¨Mo Zmd KoDZ B¨J«OrMm ìXof g_mOmV nga[dUmao Hmdo~mO hoM amOm¨Mo eÌy AmhoV. [edmOramOm¨Mo HV©¥Îd ZmHmaUmao [QiH-gmdaHa eodQr Agm àíZ nSVmo Hr, _J ~«m÷U ZoVo, boIH [edmOramOm¨Mo Zmd Hm KoVmV? Ë`m YyV© ZoË`m¨Zm Ë`m¨À`m d¡[XH Y_m©À`m àMmamgmRr [edmOramOo _mÜ`_ åhUyZ dmnamdo bmJVo åhUyZ Vo amOm¨Mo ZmB©bmOmZo Zmd KoVmV. HmaU amOo ho ^maVmMo [Z[d©dmX Am[U gd©_mÝ` AmamÜ` X¡dV Amho, åhUyZ ~«m÷U [edam`m¨Mo Zmd ñdmWm©gmRr KoVmV. nmaV¨Í`mVyZ _wº HaUmam Ywa¨Yadra `m¨Mm d¥Vm¨V åhUOo gmoZoar nmZ Aem àHmaMr nmZo [d.Xm. gmdaHam¨Zr [b[hbr Ë`m_Ü`o nwî`[_Ìew¨J Vo amKmo~mXmXm AmhoV. nU amOm¨À`m [dœ[d»`mV HV©¥Ëdmbm gmdaHam¨Zr gmoZoar nmZ _mZm`bm ñnï ZHma [Xbm. [dkmZdmXmMm On HaUmao gmdaHa åhUVmV Hr, "[edmOramOo X¡d`moJmZo amOo Pmbo, åhUOo [dkmZdmXr gmdaHa [edam`m¨À`m ~m~V X¡d`moJr Pmbo Hgo?' amOm¨À`m HV¥©Ëdmbm ZmHmaUmao gmdaHa _Zwñ_¥Vrgma»`m Hy«a J¨«W [Z_m©U HaUmè`m nwî`[_Ìew¨Jmbm gmoZoar nmZ _mZVmV, [edamÁ`mMm d ~hwOZ g_mOmMm gË`mZme HaUmè`m amKmo~mXmXmbm gmdaHa gmoZoar nmZ _mZVmV. [edmOramOm¨gma»`m [dœd¨Ú amOmbm OmUrdnwd©H ZmHméZ Hodi OÝ_mZo ~«m÷U AgUmè`m d ~hwOZm¨Zm NiUmè`m nwî`[_Ìew¨J Am[U amKmo~mXmXm¨Mo dU©Z HaVmZm gmdaHam¨Mr NmVr \wJyZ `oVo. `mMm AW© gmdaHa ho OmVr`dmXr hmoVo. gmdaHambm Ë`m¨Mo qhXwËd(~«m÷UËd) OZVoda bmXm`Mo hmoVo. åhUyZM [edam`m¨Mo Zmd Ë`m¨Zr KoVbo. Sm°.Am¨~oSHam¨Zr gd© _mUgm¨À`m Hë`mUmgmRr Ooìhm Y_m©Vrb dmB©Q Mmbr[aVrda Am[U ~«m÷Um¨da àhma Hobm, d Ooìhm Y_mªVa Hobo Vo¨ìhm gmdaHam¨Zr Sm°. Am¨~oSHam¨da QrHm Hobr. åhUOo gmdaHam¨_Yrb HSdm ~«m÷U eodQn`ªV [Od¨V hmoVm. gmdaHam¨Zr aËZm[Jar `oWo X[bVmgmRr n[VV nmdZ _¨[Xa ~m¨Ybo. nU Ë`m¨Zr X[bVm¨gmRr emim gwé Hobr Zmhr. X[bVm¨Zm _¨[Xamnojm emioMr JaO hmoVr. _¨[Xa n«doemZo X[bVm¨Mm àíZ gwQUma ZìhVm. X[bVm¨Zr [eHÊ`mEodOr Xod-Xod Hamdm `mgmRr gmdaHam¨Zr _¨[Xa ~m¨Ybo. åhUOoM Vo Tmo¨Jr g_mOgwYmaH hmoVo. B¨J«Om¨Zm _m\rZm_m [bhyZ XoUmao gmdaHa Hgbo Xoe^º? Jm¨Yr hË`mHm¨SmV Amamonr H«.8 AgUmao gmdaHa Hgbo amï—^º? ñdV: B¨½b¨S_Ü`o [eHyZ _mV¥^y_rào_mMo Tmo¨J HaUmao gmdaHa ^mfmewÕr Midi am~dV hmoVo. nU ñdV: B¨J«Or [eHbo hmoVo. N.g¨^mOramOm¨gma»`m Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ, amï—^º Am[U boIH AgUmè`m amOnwÌmbm ZmXmZ-ZmHVm©, _[Xam-_[XamjrMm MmhVm åhUUmè`m gmdaHam¨Zr XoemgmRr Hm` Hobo? gmdaHam¨Zr _mgo©[bgÀ`m [HZmè`mda \º 10 [_[ZQm¨Mm àdmg Hobm, nU ZoVmOr gw^mfM¨X« ~mog `m¨Zr XoemÀ`m ñdmV¨Í`mgmRr O_©ZrnmgyZ OnmZn`ªV gVV 88 [Xdg nmU~wSrVyZ àdmg Hobm, åhUOo gmdaHa ñdmV¨Í`dra hmoDM eHV ZmhrV. \ma Va Vo AWm¨J g_wX«mdarb ^ì` AmJ~moQrÀ`m _hmHm` g¨Smg_YyZ CSr QmHyZ nimbo åhUyZ g¨Smgdra hmoD eHVmV> H«m¨Vrqgh ZmZm nmQrb `m¨À`m Vw\mZ goZoÀ`m Hm`©HË`mªMr Zmdo B¨J«Om¨Zm gm¨[JVbr. [QiH ho Va ~hwOZ g_mOmMo \ma _moRo eÌy hmoVo. doXmoº àHaUmV emhy _hmamOm¨Zm Ë`m¨Zr àIa [damoY Hobm. 1917 gmbr AWZrÀ`m g^oV [QiH åhUmbo, amOHmaU ho ~«m÷Um¨Mo Hm_ Amho. Vo Eè`mJ~miçmMo Hm_ Zìho. [dYmZg^oV [ZdSyZ OmDZ HwU~Qm¨Zm VoWo Hm` Zm¨Ja Mmbdm`Mm Amho? Voë`m, Vm¨~moir, dmÊ`m¨Zr Hm` VamOy Yam`Mm Amho? qeß`m¨Zm Hm` HnSo [edm`Mr AmhoV? åhUOo [QiHm¨Zm ~hwOZm¨Mo ñdamÁ` ZHmo hmoVo. 1917 gmbr _w¨~B© `oWo Añn¥í`Vm [ZdmaÊ`mgmRr [QiHm¨Zr ghr HaÊ`mg ZHma [Xbm. åhUOo ho Voë`m, Vm¨~moiçmMo nwTmar ZìhVo. (g¨X^©- dg¨V amOg [bIrV Am¨~oSHa MidirMo _maoHar) [QiH ho ~hwOZ g_mOmZo \º godm MmHarM Hamdr Am[U ~«m÷UmZo Cƒ nXo d amOHmaU ^moJmdo `m [dMmamMo hmoVo. noedmB© nwÝhm `mdr `mgmRr [QiH AhmoamÌ PQV hmoVo. [QiH AmOmar AgVmZm [~nrZM¨X«nmb ^oQm`bm Ambo Voìhm nmb åhUmbo "bdHaM ñdmV¨Í` [_iob'! Ë`m~amo~a [QiH CËgwHVoZo åhUmbo ,"ñdm_rOr IaM¨ nwÝhm noedmB© `oB©b?' åhUOo [QiHm¨Zm noedmB© nm[hOo hmoVr. [QiH ho dU©ì`dñWoMo g_W©H Va ~hwOZm¨Mo eÌy hmoVo. [QiH ho qhXw-_wñbr_ X¨JbrMo OZH AmhoV. NÌnVr [edam`m¨Zm Ano[jV AgUmè`m gm_m[OH n[adV©ZmÀ`m nwU©V: [damoYmV [QiH-gmdaHam¨Mo YmoaU hmoVo. Ë`m_wio [QiH-gmdaHa amOm¨Mo eÌyM RaVmV. _mo.H. Jm¨Yr `m¨Zr Va g¨nwU© Am`wî`mV [edmOr_hmamOm¨Mo Zmd HYr KoVboM Zmhr. `mCbQ Jm¨YtZr gË`emoYH g_mO Midi _moSrV HmTbr. [edam`X«mohr n¨VàYmZ Odmhabmb Zohé N.[edam`m¨nwTo OJmVrb AZoH [dMmad¨V ZV_ñVH hmoVmV. nU ^maVmMo [Xd¨JV n¨VàYmZ Odmhabmb Zohé `m¨Zr amOm¨da AZoH doim [QHm Hobr. Á`m¨Zr Xoembm A[ñWaVoÀ`m ImB©V bmoQbo d Oo AZoH doim dmQ MwHbo Vo Zohé amOm¨Zm åhUVmV Hr dmQ MwHbobm Xoe^º! [edam`m¨gma»`m Mm[aÍ`g¨nÞ, eVmdYmZr amOm¨Zm dmQ MwHUmam amOm åhUUo åhUOo ewÕ XoeX«moh Amho. [edam`m¨Zr gd© ~«m÷Ur J¨«W PwJméZ amOnX J«hU Hobo d dU©ì`dñWobm gwé¨J bmdbm åhUyZM Odmhabmb Zohé hm n¨[SV (~«m÷U) amOm¨Zm dmQ MwHbobm Xoe^º åhUVmo. _w¨~B© `oWrb JoQdo Am°\ B¨[S`m nwTo amOm¨Mm nwVim C^m HaÊ`mg ZohéZr `ed¨Vamd MìhmUm¨Zm HSdm [damoY Hobm hmoVm. nU MìhmUgmho~m¨Zr _moRçm Hm¡eë`mZo nwVim ~g[dbm. [edM[aÌmbm Sgbobm [dfmar ZmJ åhUOo ~m~m nwa¨Xao nwa¨Xao åhUOo [edM[aÌ Am[U [edM[aÌ åhUOo nwa¨Xao Ago g_rHaUM Pmbo hmoVo. `m_mJo ~hwOZm¨Mo AkmZ Va ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWoMm YwV©nUm Amho. AmOn`ªV [edM[aÌmbm HmoUrM gË`Zme Hobm Zmhr BVHm nwa¨Xao `m¨Zr Hobm Amho. nwa¨Xao ho Vgo noedo B[VhmgmMo boIH hmoVo. nU Ë`m¨Zm [VHSo bmoH_mÝ`Vm [_imbr Zmhr åhUyZ [edM[aÌmHSo dibo. amï—[nVm \wbo Am[U H¥îUmOr AOw©Z HoiwñHam¨Zr [b[hbobo Iao [edM[aÌ g¨n[dÊ`mgmRr nwa¨Xao¨Zr C^r h`mV Kmb[dbr. [edM[aÌm¨Mo Iao [edM[aÌ bndyZ nwa¨Xao¨Zr [edam`m¨À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ X¡ddmX, A¨YlÕm, _w[ñb_ìXof, [df_Vm àñWm[nV HaÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hobm. [edam`m¨À`m OrdZmVrb Iè`m ~m~tMm AZwboI Va ZmQç_` KQZm¨Mo CXmÎmrHaU HéZ nwa¨XaoZr [edam`m¨Mr [dQ¨~Zm Hobobr Amho. [edmOramOm¨Mo Zmd KoDZ nwa¨XaoZr HmoQçmdYr én`o H_mdbo. Ë`mVyZ nwa¨XaoZr gmdaHa [MÌnQmÀ`m [Z[_©VrgmRr 80 bmI én`o [Xbo. (X¡.bmoH_V-27/7/2003) [edam`m¨da [QHm HaUmè`m gmdaHam¨À`m [MÌnQmgmRr [edam`m¨Mm n¡gm dmnaUmao nwa¨Xao [edào_r ZgyZ [edX«mohr AmhoV. [edO`¨VrÀ`m VmarI-[VWrMm dmX bmdÊ`mMo Hm_ nwa¨XaoZr Hobo. nwa¨Xao¨Mm OÝ_ ZmJn¨M_r [Xder Pmbobm Amho. Ago nwa¨Xao åhUOo [edM[aÌmbm Sgbobm [dfmar ZmJ Amho. `mgmRr ~hwOZmV AZoH Iao dºo, boIH, ZmQHHma, HmX¨~arHma, [MÌnQ [Z_m©Vo [Z_m©U Pmbo nm[hOoV. [edmOramOm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaUmao ~oSoHa-àYmZ Hmdo~mO nwa¨XaoZr Ë`m¨Mm dmagXma åhUyZ [ZZmX ~oSoHam¨Mr KmofUm Hobr. ~oSoHam¨Zr lrHm¨V àYmZ `m [MÌHmam_m\©V Mma hmV AgUmao [MÌ HmTbo. Ë`mbm AmYma [ed^maV `m J¨«WmMm [Xbm. nU ~oSoHa gmho~, [ed^maV ho EH Hmì` Amho. Hmì`m_Ü`o A[Va¨OrVnUm, H[dHënZm AgVmV. a¨OHVm, HënHVobm B[VhmgmV ñWmZ ZgVo. [ed^maV HqdX« na_mZ¨X ho Xod^moio, lÕmiy hmoVo. na_mZ¨X ho g_rjH, B[VhmgHma qHdm g¨emoYH ZìhVo. [edam`m¨Mo Mma hmV HmTyZ amOm¨Zm [dîUyMm AdVma Ago Kmo[fV Ham`Mo d amOm¨Mo HV¥©Ëd g¨ndm`Mo Agm hm EH¨XarV HQ ~oSoHam¨Zo Hobm hmoVm. amOo HV¥©Ëdg¨nÞ _hmnwéf hmoVo. hr Ë`m¨Mr à[V_m Zï HaÊ`mgmRr ~oSoHa-àYmZ à`ËZerb AmhoV. [edmOramOo Xod hmoVo åhUyZM Ë`m¨Zm ñdamÁ` ñWmnZ HaVm Amho. AÝ`Wm ho Ë`m¨Zm O_bo ZgVo. ho q~~[dÊ`mgmRr Am[U V_m_ ~hwOZm¨Mo àoaUmñWmZ g¨n[dÊ`mMo d¡[XHm¨Mo HmañWmZ Amho. `mgmRrM amOm¨Mo X¡dVrHaU HaÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷U à`ËZ HaVmV. [edmOramOm¨Zm Xod Hobo Hr, AmnmoAmnM _hmamO g¨nVrb. Agm ~oSoHa-àYmZm¨Mm Smd hmoVm. HmaU A[bHSo g¨nwU© XoemV g_mOà~moYZmZo _moRr H«m¨Vr hmoV Amho. _amRm godm g¨K, g¨^mOr [~«JoS, [OOmD [~«JoS, ~m_go\, `ed¨V goZm, ~hwOZ [QMg© Agmo., _amRm _hmg¨K B. amOHmaUmV [da[hV g¨KQZm¨_wio \wbo, emhy, Am¨~oSHam¨Mo [dMma AmVm gd©Ì éOV AmhoV. ~«m÷Um¨Zr ~hwOZ g_mOmbm Jwbm_ HaÊ`mgmRr Xod [Z_m©U Hobm Amho. ho ~hwOZm¨À`m bjmV `oD bmJbo Amho. Ë`m_wio Xod ZmHmaÊ`mMo à_mU XoemV PnmQçmZo dmTy bmJbo Amho. ho ~«m÷Um¨À`mhr bjmV `oD bmJbo Amho. åhUyZM [edmOramOm¨Zm Xod HaÊ`mgmRr ~oSoHa-àYmZ YSnSV AmhoV. gd© ~hwOZ g_mO Á`mdoiog Xod ZmHmaVrb Ë`mdoiog Vo Xod Hoboë`m [edmOtZmXoIrb ZmHmaVrb. åhUyZ ~hwOZm¨Mr ~moQo ~hwOZm¨À`m SmoiçmV KmbÊ`mMm hm àHma Amho. amOm¨Zm ~hwOZm¨À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g¨n[dÊ`mMm hm HQ HaUmè`m ~oSoHa-àYmZmbm d amOm¨À`m eÌybm gaHmaZo HRmoa [ejm Hamdr, d amOm¨Mr ~XZm_r Wm¨~dmdr. `mgmRr nwÊ`mVrb Aä`mgy [dMmad¨V em¨Vmam_ Hw¨Ora, à[dU Jm`HdmS, [dHmg qQJao, gm¡.[bbmVmB© Kwbo, gm¡.brZmVmB© aU[ngo, Sm°.àHme hmgZmiHa, gw[ea nmQrb `m¨Zr ~oSoHam¨Mm hm HQ CYiyZ bmdbm. lrHm¨V àYmZ d ~oSoHa `m¨Zr _m\r _mJmdr bmJbr. åhUOo AmVm ImoQm B[Vhmg OZVm ghZ HaUma Zmhr. `mMo ho CÎm_ CXmhaU Amho. Ahmo nwa¨Xao-~oSoHa, B[VhmgmMr HmoUVr nXdr KoVbr? ho Omhra Hamdo. `.[X.\SHo¨Zr [edam`m¨Mr Am[U [ñÌ`m¨Mr Hobobr ~XZm_r _w¨~B©À`m _amRm _¨[XaZo àHm[eV Hoboë`m [edM[aÌmV \SHo , _mQo, H¨QH, HwbHUu `m¨Zr [edmOramOo d _amRm [ñÌ`m¨Mm ~XZm_rHmaU B[Vhmg n[hë`m I¨SmV [b[hbm. Agm àHmaMm B[Vhmg Xwgè`m XoemV qHdm Y_m©V [b[hbm AgVm Va emgZmZo Aem [dÜd¨gH boIHm¨Zm \mgmda bQH[dbo AgVo. ~hwOZm¨À`m n¡emMm dmna HéZ ~hwOZm¨da ~«m÷Urì`dñWm bmXÊ`mMm à`ËZ `.[X. \SHo `m¨Zr Hobobm Amho. ~«m÷Um¨Zm hdm AgUmam amOm¨Mm B[Vhmg `m _¨SirZr [b[hbm Amho. n[hë`m I¨SmV AZoH J¨^ra MwHm Ë`m¨Zr Hoboë`m AmhoV. _wIn¥ðmda Nmnbobo [MÌ _ra _h¨_X `m¨Zr HmTbobo Amho. _ra _h¨_X g_HmbrZ hmoVo. `m~m~V Xw_V Zmhr. _hmamï— emgZmZo àHm[eV Hoboë`m [ZHmbmAmo _ZwMr `m¨À`m Ago hmoVo _moJb `m J¨«WmV ñnï CëboI Amho. nU `m n[hë`m I¨SmV gwaV _mo[h_oÀ`m àg¨Jr SM [MÌHmamZo amOm¨Mo [MÌ aoImQbobo d Vo am°~Q© Am_©À`m (1782) \«°½_o¨Qg `m J¨«WmVyZ KoVbo Ago \SHo YmXm¨V ImoQo [b[hVmV. SM [MÌHmamMo Zmd hr Zmhr. gwaV _mo[h_oÀ`m àg¨Jr amOo nwU©V: YmdnirV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio ho [MÌ HmTUo eŠ` Zmhr. Ago nmbwnXhr `m [RHmUr bmdÊ`mV Ambobo Amho. SM [MÌHmamZo amOm¨Mo [MÌ HmTbo. Aer Am»`m[`Hm Amho, Ago \SHo åhUVmV. åhUOo \SHo Am»`m[`Hm [ñdHmaVmV. d _ra _h¨_XZo HmTbobo gË` [MÌ ZmHmaVmV. \SHo HÅa _w[ñb_ìXoïo d OmVr`dmXr AmhoV. ho B[VhmgHmamMo bjU Zìho. \SHo `m¨Mm OmVr`dmX nwTrb gd© I¨Sm¨Zm YmoHmXm`H Amho. åhUyZ ho B[VhmgmMo nwñVH hmoD eHV Zmhr. [MQUrg ~Iarà_mUo [edM[aÌgmYZmV \SHo ~IarMr ^a nSbr. n¡gm _mÌ _amRm _¨[XamMm Jobm. n¥ð. H« 3 da bú_rHm¨V ~~bmXr `m¨À`m àñVmdZoV ~~bmXr [edmOramOm¨À`m Wmoadrbm am_XmgmMm A[^àm` XoVmV. nU amOm¨À`m Wmoadrbm amOm¨Mm eÌy AgUmè`m am_XmgmÀ`m A[^àm`mMr JaOM Hm`? åhUOo \SHo Am[U H¨nZrMo am_XmgmMo CXmÎmrHaU AZoH [RHmUr Hobobo Amho. [edmOramOm¨À`m MmVw`©-namH«_mbm JrVoÀ`m Mm¡HQrV ~¨[XñV HaÊ`mMm à`ËZ n¥ð 3da Hobobm Amho. n¥ð 5da [edmOramOo 53 dfo© OJbo. Ago ~~bmXr åhUVmV. `mMm AW© amOm¨Mr 19 \o~w«. 1630 hr Iar [edO`¨Vr \SHo Am[U H¨nZrbm _mÝ` Zmhr. n¥ð H«. 8da \SHo åhUVmV Hr, [edHmb hm _mÂ`m [deof Aä`mgmMm qHdm g¨emoYZmMm [df` HYrM ZìhVm Am[U AmOhr Zmhr. Ago AkmZr \SHo [edM[aÌ [b[hUma hr Iao Va V_m_ ~hwOZ g_mOmMr 21ì`m eVHmVrb \ma _moRr \gdUyH Amho. n¥ð H«.12 d 13 da \SHo [edmOramOm¨Zm EHoarda ~mobbo Var [~KSV Zmhr. Ago [ZTm©dnUmZo [b[hVmV. Ahmo \SHo ! amOm¨Mm AmXamZo CëboI Hobm Var [~KSV Hm`? [edM[aÌm¨Mo ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobobo njnmVr boIZ Ooìhm ~hwOZ g_mOmVrb g¨emoYHmÀ`m bjmV Ambo Voìhm ~hwOZ g¨emoYHm¨Zr [edmOramOm¨Mo Iao M[aÌboIZ Hobo. `mbm \SHo ~«m÷U-~«m÷UoÎma OmVr`dmX åhUVmV. gË`boIZ åhUOo OmVr`dmX Zìho, ho \SHoZr bjmV ¿`mdo. kmZXod-VwHmam_ EodOr Zm_Xod-VwHmam_ Agm O`Kmof HaUo åhUOo OmVr`dmX Amho Ago \SHo åhUVmV. na¨Vw dmaHar n¨WmMm nm`m Zm_Xodm¨Zr aMbm hm dmaHar g¨àX`mMm Iam B[Vhmg Amho. 19 \o~w«dmdar 1630 hr [edO`¨VrMr VmarI HmoUË`mhr amOHr` njmZo Omhra Hobobr ZgyZ _hmamï— emgZmZo Vk B[VhmgHmam¨À`m [e\maerdéZ Omhra Hobobr Amho. nU \SHo O`¨VrMr VmarI amOHr` njmZo Omhra Hobr Ago [bhyZ amOHr` njm¨Mm Ë`m¨Zr dmX bmdbm. OoYo eHmdbrMm g¨X^©gmYZmV CëboIhr Zmhr. g_HmbrZ _ZwMrZr [b[hboë`m History of Mogal `m gmYZm¨Mm XoIrb CëboI Zmhr. nU [MQUrg ~IarMrM Amd¥Îmr Agboë`m am°~Q© Am_©-1803 `mMm CëboI Amho. [ZHmobmAmo Am[U OoYoeHmdbr [edmOramOm¨Mo dmñVd Iao Xe©Z KSdVmV. EHm I¨SmV CÎm_ [edM[aÌ [b[hUo eŠ` Am[U _hËdmMo AgVmZm XoIrb ghm I¨SmV AHamì`m eVHmnmgyZ B[Vhmg [b[hÊ`mMr JaOM Zmhr. `m ~m~VrV boIHmZo ñdV: eaX ndmam¨Mr [Xëbr `oWo ^oQ KoVbr Voìhm eaX ndma \SHo Am[U H¨nZrda [MSbo, nU [MSyZ Cn`moJ Zmhr. Iao [edM[aÌ [b[hbo nm[hOo. A[Ib ^maVr` _amRm _hmg¨KmMo n[íM _hmamï— AÜ`j à[dU Jm`HdmS, AÜ`j em¨Vmam_ Hw¨Ora, nwUo eha _[hbm AmKmSrÀ`m AÜ`jm brZmVmB© aU[ngo d gd© _[hbm `m¨Zr `m[déÕ Am¨XmobZ Hoë`m_wioM \SHoMm HwQrb Smd a`VoÀ`m bjmV Ambm. [edM[aÌmMm HmbI¨S (1600 Vo 1700) Amho. Var XoIrb eaX ndma Am[U _amRm _¨[XaMo (_w¨~B©) [dídñV `m¨À`m SmoiçmV Yyi \oHyZ \SHoZo [edam`m¨Mr d _amRm [ñÌ`m¨Mr ^`mZH ~XZm_r Hobobr Amho. `m ~XZm_rbm \SHo OodTo O~m~Xma AmhoV VodToM eaX ndmaXoIrb O~m~Xma AmhoV. [edM[aÌ hm Hm±Q°—ŠQ XoDZ [b[hÊ`mMm [df` Zmhr. Ë`mgmRr ào_, lÕm, Vi_i Agmdr bmJVo. _amRm _¨[Xrambm Sm°. O`qgJamd ndma, B[VhmgmMm`© àm. _m._. Xoe_wI, lr. JmoqdX nmZgao, àm. AemoH amUm, àm. ~mhoHa [Xgbo ZmhrV Hm? [edM[aÌmV Zoh_r dmX ahmdm hr ~«m÷U boIHm¨Mr Zoh_r BÀNm AgVo. HmaU dmX am[hbm Hr ~hwOZg_mO [H«`m Am[U à[VH«`mÀ`m [di»`mV ASHmdm. åhUOo Ë`m¨Mr gd© eºr dmXmVM g¨nmdr åhUyZ ~«m÷U ho Zoh_r [edM[aÌmV Kmoi KmbVmV.
A_o[aHoV [edam`m¨Mm AœméT nwVim HoiHam¨À`m KéZ Mmoarg JobmM Hgm? nwUo _Z_mV\o© A_o[aHoVrb g°Z hm°Oo ehamV [edam`m¨Mm AœméT nwVim ~g[dÊ`mgmRr [Xbm hmoVm. hm nwVim 50 bmI én`m¨Mm hmoVm. hm nwVim g°Z-hm°Oo-nwUo _¡Ìr Hama g[_VrMo AÜ`j gwZrb HoiHa `m¨À`m Kar RodÊ`mV Ambm. hm nwVim HoiHam¨À`m Kar EH df©^a hmoVm. EHo [Xder amOm¨Mm nwVim Mmoarg Jobm Am[U Hmhr [Xdgm¨Zr EHm ViçmHmRr gmnSbm. nwViçmMr àM¨S ZmgYwg Pmbr hmoVr. 50 bmI én`m¨Mm AœméT nwVim HoiHam¨À`m KéZ Mmoarg Jobm Hgm? Mmoam¨Zm nwViçmnmgyZ Hm` [_iUma hmoVo? Mmoa Zo_Ho HmoU? JmJm^År, nwa¨Xao, ~oSoHa, _hmOZ d¥Îmr gm¨^miÊ`mMo Hm_ HoiHa XoIrb A_o[aHoV HaVmV Hm`? AmVm _mÌ amOm¨À`m nwViçmMr XwéñVr HéZ Vmo g°Z-hm°Oo ehamV C^mabm Amho. (g¨X^©- [MÌboIm 21/4/2003) na[H`m¨À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ [edam`m¨Mr ~XZm_r HaÊ`mMm ~«m÷Um¨Mm HQ Á`m ~hwOZ _hmnwéfm¨Zr ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWo[déÕ bTm [Xbm Ë`m¨Mr ~XZm_r HaÊ`mMo Hm_ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobo. H¥îU, ~wÕ, VwHmo~mam`, _.\wbo, amO[f© emhy _hmamO, Sm°. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHa B. _hmnwéfm~amo~aM [edam`m¨Mr ~XZm_r HaÊ`mMo Hm_ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobo. ~«m÷U Á`m¨Mr ~XZm_r HaVmV Vmo ~hwOZm¨Mm CÕmaHVm© AgVmo. ~«m÷Um¨Mo HQ ~hwOZm¨À`m bjmV Amë`m_wio ~«m÷Um¨Zr AmVm SmdnoM ~Xbbobo AmhoV. AmVm ~«m÷Um¨Zr `wamon, A_o[aHm, B. amï—mVrb bmoHm¨Zm nwTo HéZ Amnë`m _hmnwéfm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaÊ`mMo gÌ gwé Hobo Amho. ZwHVoM A_o[aHoVrb Ooåg [d[b`_ boÝg `m¨Zr [b[hbobo "[edmOr qhXy qHJ BZ Bñbm[_H B¨[S`m' ho nwñVH Am°Šg\S© `w[Zìh[g©Qr àogZo àHm[eV Hobo d Vo OJmV [dV[aV HaÊ`mV Ambo. ho nwñVH AË`¨V hrZ XOm©Mo Am[U ~XZm_rHmaH Amho. boIH A_o[aHZ Agbm Var Ë`mbm nwUo `oWrb ^m¨SmaHa Amo[aEÝQb [agM© g¨ñWoZo _XV Hobobr Amho. dm.b._¨Owi, gw[ZVm ZoZo, Eg.Eg.~hwbHa, gwMoVm nam¨Ono, dm`.~r.Xm_bo, aoIm Xm_bo, ^mñHa M¨XmdaHa, E.Ama.HwbHUu, O`¨V bobo, [Xbrn [MÌo `m¨Zr Ooåg boÝg `mbm nwñVH [b[hÊ`mg _XV Hobr. åhUOo `m gd© ~«m÷U _¨SitZr AË`¨V [Z`moOZ nÕVrZo A_o[aHZ boIHmHSyZ [edam`m¨Mo [ZamYma Am[U ~XZm_rHmaH M[aÌ [bhrbobo Amho. OJmVrb HmoUË`mhr Y_m©Mm _mUyg Amnë`m _hmnwéfmMr ~XZm_r ghZ HaV Zmhr. [edam`m¨Mr Am¨Vaamï—r` nmVirdaMr ~XZm_r hmoDZXoIrb ~hwOZ em¨V Hgo? HmaU Ë`m¨Zm ñdm_r g_W©, AI¨S h[aZm_ gßVmh, JUoemoËgd, n¨TarMr dmar B. XodY_m©V ASHdyZ Rodbobo Amho. Ë`m_wio ~hwOZm¨Zm ~XZm_rMr OmUrdM Zmhr. Hmën[ZH Xod-X¡dVm¨Mr [dQ¨~Zm Pmë`mda g¨VmnUmao `wdH [edam`m¨Mr ~XZm_r Pmbr Var em¨V Hgo? `mgmRr AmVm Var OmJo ìhm, dmMZ Ham, Aä`mg Ham, boIZ Ham. g¨V VwHmo~mam`, ehmOramOo, [OOmD_m±gmho~, g¨^mOramOo, _.\wbo, amO[f© emhyamOo, `m¨Mr àoaUm KoDZ _amRo Ym[_©HX¥ïçm [edY_m©À`m énmZo ñdV¨Ì hmoV AmhoV. åhUyZ ho _hmnwéf ~XZm_ HaÊ`mMr _mo[h_ ~«m÷Um¨Zr hmVr KoVbobr Amho. [edam`m¨Zr ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMr à[Vkm am`aoœa_¨[XamV KoVbr Zmhr [edam`m¨Zr ñdamÁ` ñWmnZoMr à[Vkm am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV KoVbr Zmhr. g_HmbrZ dmñVd HmJXnÌmV `mMm HmoRohr CëboI AmTiV Zmhr. (g¨X^©- OoYo eHmdbr, g^mgX ~Ia, [ed^maV), amOo à`ËZdmXr hmoVo. ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMm [dMma amOm¨Zr Amnë`m gd¨JSçm¨Zm à^mdrnUo gm¨[JVë`m_wio d amOm¨Mo Jar~ OZVoda AgUmao [ZVm¨V ào_ nm[hë`m_wioM _mdio à^m[dV Pmbo. Am[U gdmªZr EH[XbmZo ñdamÁ` ñWmnÊ`mMm [ZU©` KoVbm. Mm¨Jbo Hm_ HaUmè`m¨Zm _¨[Xam¨Mr JaO ZgVo. _hËdmHm¨jr Am[U AmË_[dídmg AgUmao _hmnwéf Xod^moio ZgVmV. amOo _hËdmHm¨jr hmoVo. am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV OmDZ enW KoUmè`m Xw~içm _Zmod¥ËVrMo d namdb¨~r ZìhVo. hm amOm¨Mm Iam B[Vhmg Amho. VarXoIrb am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV à[Vkm Hobr ho Hm q~~[dÊ`mV Ambo? Xod hr g¨HënZm ~hwOZg_mO H_©Hm¨SmV ASHyZ nSmdm `mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobr. Xod, Y_©, _¨[XamgmRr ~hwOZ `wdHm¨Zr hmVmV Vbdmar KoDZ X¨Jbr Hamì`mV. ~hwOZm¨Zr B¨J«Or, g¨JUH [eHy Z`o. ~«m÷Um¨Mr _wbo _mÌ M.P.S.C. Am[U U.P.S.C. _m\©V HboŠQa, g[Md, H[_eZa, Ý`m`m[Ye, g¨nmXH, Sm°ŠQa, dHrb, B¨[OZrAa ìhmdrV d naXoemV OmdrV Am[U ~hwOZm¨À`m _wbm¨Zr _¨[XamgmRr X¨Jbr, Am¨XmobZo Am[U _moMo© HmTyZ Vwé¨JmV Omdo `mgmRr ~hwOZm¨_Ü`o Xod Am[U _¨[Xaào_ [Z_m©U ìhmdo åhUyZM amOm¨Zr am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV ñdamÁ`ñWmZogmRr enW KoVbr Agm ImoQm B[Vhmg [b[hÊ`mV Ambm. 33 HmoQr Xod [Z_m©U Hoë`m_wio ^maVmVrb _wb[Zdmgr ~hwOZ OZVm `m [ZOr©d Hmën[ZH Xodm¨À`m àmßVrgmRr am̨[Xdg CnmgZm Hé bmJbr. `e [_i[dÊ`mgmRr XodmMr AmamYZm HaÊ`mMr d¥Îmr dmTbr Am[U ^maVmVrb OZVoMr [H«`merbVm hiyhiy H_r Pmbr. hoM naHr` ~«m÷Um¨Zm Ano[jV hmoVo. Xod Ambm Hr _¨[Xa Ambo, _¨[Xa Ambo Hr nwamo[hV Ambm, nwamo[hVmgmRr X[jUm Ambr. _J gd© ~hwOZ OZVm nwamo[hVmnwTo bmoQm¨JU Kmby bmJbr. Xod-_¨[XamÀ`mìXmao ~hwOZ OZVobm Jwbm_ ~Z[dÊ`mMo HQHmañWmZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr Hobo. åhUOo _¨[XamMr [Z[_©Vr ~hwOZm¨À`m CÕmamgmRr Pmbobr ZgyZ ~«m÷Um¨À`m CÕmamgmRr Hobobr Amho. _¨[Xam_wio ~hwOZm¨À`m nmoQmnmÊ`mMm àíZ gwQUma ZgyZ ~«m÷U nwamohrVm¨À`m nmoQmnmÊ`mMm àíZ gwQUma Amho. Ë`m¨Zm HmoQçmdYr én`o ^m~Sçm ^m[dH ^ºm¨nmgyZ [_iVmV. åhUyZM _¨[Xa ~m¨YÊ`mMm d _¨[XamMo _hËd OZVobm gm¨JÊ`mMm à`ËZ ~«m÷U HaVmV. emim, dmMZmb`, g¨JUH Ho¨X«, ñdÀNVmJ¥h, ñZmZJ¥h ~m¨YÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷U ~hwOZm¨Zm àoaUm XoV ZmhrV. YaU ~m¨YÊ`mEodOr YaUm¨Mr C¨Mr dmT[dÊ`mg Vo [damoY HaVmV. nU _¨[XamgmRr amï—r` nmVirda [ZYr, [dQm Jmoim HaVmV. HmaU EHmM doiog ~hwOZm¨Mm èhmg ìhmdm d ~«m÷Um¨Zm JmoS Kmg [_imdm hm [dfmar hoVy Amho. Á`m XoemV 33 HmoQr Xod AmhoV _J Ë`m Xoemda na[H`m¨Zr AmH«_Uo Hm Hobr? 1 HmoQr Xod ~m°S©ada OmDZ Hm Wm¨~bo ZmhrV? EHm XodmZo AmO XoIrb 3OUm¨Zm XÎmH KoVbo Va gd© àíZ gwQVrb. ~hwOZm¨Zm Jwbm_ ~Z[dÊ`mgmRr naHr` Am`© ~«m÷Um¨Zr Xod [Z_m©U Hobo. Xod H_r nSbo åhUyZ g¨gma gmoSyZ niyZ Joboë`m Jm¨Om AmoTUmè`m JOmZZ, ñdm_r g_W© `m¨Mm XoIrb Xod Hobm. JOmZZ d g_Wm©Zo Hmhr emim HmTë`m ZmhrV, YaU ~m¨Ybo Zmhr, añVo ~m¨Ybo ZmhrV, [ñÌ`m¨Zm [ejU [Xbo Zmhr. Aer Iar dñVw[ñWVr AgVmZm ho Iao HmañWmZ ~hwOZg_mOmÀ`m bjmV `oD Z`o `mgmRr ~hwOZm¨Mo AmamÜ` ZoVo AgUmè`m [edmOramOm¨À`m _mÜ`_mVyZM amOm¨À`m AZw`m`m¨Mo X¡dVrHaU Ham`Mo hmM hoVy am`aoœa _¨[XamVrb à[Vko_mJMm Amho. [edmOramOm¨gmaIo amOo am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV enW KoÊ`mgmRr Jobo VoìhmM amOm¨Zm `e [_imbo, _J AmnUhr am̨[Xdg _¨[Xam¨V OmDZ à[Vkm Hamdr VaM `e [_iob ho g_mOmda q~~[dÊ`mgmRM ~«m÷U boIH, HmX¨~arHmam¨Zr [edam`m¨Zr ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMr à[Vkm am`aoœamÀ`m _¨[XamV KoVbr Agm ImoQm B[Vhmg [b[hbm. ImoQm B[Vhmg [b[hUmaoM amOm¨Mo Iao eÌy AmhoV. amOo à`ËZdmXr hmoVo. _¨[XamVrb Jm^mè`mV ~gë`mZo `e [_iV ZgVo, 10 [Xdg AZdmUr Mmbë`mZo `e [_iV ZgVo. AZdmUr [\aë`mZo nm`mbm HmQo QmoMVmV, XJSYmo¨SçmMm Ìmg hmoVmo, nm` hmoaniVmV, Ë`mMm A[Zï n[aUm_ Smoiçm¨da hmoVmo. e[aambm Šbof hmoVmo, earambm Šbof XoUo ho KmVH Amho. eara gX¥T Agob VaM _Zwî`mbm Mm¨Jbo HV¥©Ëd HaVm `oVo. earambm Ìmg XoUo doSonUm Amho. A¨JmV `oUo doSonUm Amho. A¨JmV Amë`mZo `e [_iV ZgVo. `e [_iÊ`mgmRr am̨[Xdg à`ËZ Hamdm bmJVmo. Iyn Hï Hamdo bmJVmV. df©^a gañdVrMr nyOm Hobr Var ~moSm©Mr narjm XoÊ`mgmRr gañdVr `oUma Zmhr. ~hwOZm¨gmRr emim gm[dÌr~mB© \wbo `m¨Zr gwé Hoë`m. gañdVrMm [ejUmer Hmhrhr g¨~¨Y Zmhr. åhUyZ gañdVr EodOr gm[dÌr~mBª \wbo¨Mr nwOm ìhmdr. OmJ[VH ~±HoV HYrhr _hmbú_rMo nyOZ hmoV Zmhr Var OmJ[VH ~±H OJmbm HO© XoVo, AmnU à[Vdfu _hmbú_rMo nyOZ HaVmo Var Amnbm Xoe HO©~mOmar Hm? OnmZ _Yrb _mobHarU XodnyOm, gË`Zmam`U HaV Zmhr VarXoIrb Vr MmaMmHr dmhZmV [\aVo Ver JmSr Amnë`m XoemVrb _¨Í`m¨ZmXoIrb [_iV Zmhr. Aä`mg Z HaVm JUnVrMr ^ºr Hoë`mZo ~moSm©V Z¨~a `oV ZgVmo. am̨[Xdg XodrMr nyOm HaV ~gë`mZo Amnbo àíZ gwQV ZgVmV Ë`mgmRr ñdV:bmM à`ËZ Hamdm bmJVmo. ho [edam`m¨Zr Mm¨JboM AmoiIbo hmoVo åhUyZM amOm¨Zm `e [_imbo. amOo VmgZVmg _¨[XamV ~gyZ CnmgZm HaV ~gbo AgVo Va ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Pmbo ZgVo. amOo à`ËZdmXr hmoVo. Á`m¨À`m _o¨XyV, _ZJQmV, _ZmV Am[U _UŠ`mV X_ AgVmo Vr _mUg¨ XodmMm AmYma KoV ZgVmV. Or ^rÌr, Xw~ir, namdb¨~r AgVmV VrM _mUgo XodmMr CnmgZm HaVmV d ~«m÷Um¨Mr Jwbm_[Jar nËHaVmV. Xod _mZUo åhUOo ~«m÷Um¨Mr Jwbm_[Jar nËHaUo hmo`. `m OJmV Mmdm©H, Jm¡V_ ~wÕ, amï—[nVm Á`mo[Vamd \wbo, Sm°.~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHa, g¨V JmSJo~m~m, g¨V VwHmam_, Sm°.Am.h. gmi¨Io, B[VhmgmMm`© àm._m._. Xoe_wI, Sm°. n¨Om~amd Xoe_wI, no[a`ma am_ñdm_r B. _hmnwéfm¨Zr Xod _mZbm Zmhr Var Ë`m¨Mo Hmhr dmB©Q Pmbobo Zmhr. `m CbQ Vo Jwbm_[JarVyZ ~mhoa nSbo. åhUwZM `m _hmnwéfm¨Zm `e [_imbo. Am[U Ë`m¨Zr ~hwOZ OZVobm XoIrb ~«m÷Um¨À`m Jwbm_[JarVyZ _wº Hobo. [edmOramOm¨Zr nmoVw©JrO Vbdma [dHV KoVbr [edmOramOm¨Zm ^dmZr_mVoZo Vbdma [Xbobr Zmhr. amOm¨Zr Vr Vbdma JmodboHa gmd¨V `m¨MoHSyZ 300 hmoZ (1050é.) XoDZ [dHV KoVbobr Amho. Vr Vbdma nmoVw©Jmb _Ü`o V`ma Pmbobr hmoVr. (ASdmUr AmVm åhUy bmJboV. g¨X^©: 20/6/2002) åhUOo XOo©Xma _mb naXoemVrb Agbm Varhr Amnë`m [dHmgmgmRr IaoXr Hamdm ho amOm¨Mo YmoaU hmoVo. ñdXoer Am[U naXoer hm ^oX amOm¨Zr HYrhr Hobm Zmhr. åhUyZM 350 dfmªnwdu amOm¨Zr nmoVw©JrO Vbdma [dHV KoVbr. Vbdma ho amOm¨Mo gmYZ hmoVo, gmÜ` Zìho. Vbdmarbm OodTo _hËd Amho VodToM amOm¨À`m namH«_mbm, [Z[^©SnUmbm Am[U MmVw`m©bm Amho. amOm¨Zm Vbdma [_imbr ZgVr Var amOo Wm¨~bo ZgVo. _hËdmHm¨jr _mUgo gmYZmA^mdr Wm¨~V ZgVmV. [edmOramOm¨nwdu `m XoemV AZoH VbdmaYmar amOo hmoDZ Jobo _J Ë`m¨Zm ^y[_nwÌm¨Mo ñdamÁ` Hm [Z_m©U HaVm Ambo Zmhr? `mMo HmaU Amho d¡km[ZH X¥ïrHmoZMm A^md! åhUyZM amOm¨Zr Vbdmargma»`m Ag¨»` gmYZm¨Mm dmna HéZ ^y[_nwÌm¨Mo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. AmVm àíZ Agm nSVmo Hr _J VbdmarMo ^dmZr ho Zm¨d XodVm gX¥í` Amho; _J ho Ago Zm¨d Hm nSbo Agmdo? [_Ìhmo, `m OJmV AZoH àHmaMr Zmdo AmhoV na¨Vw Zm¨d Am[U Ë`m ì`ºrMo OrdZ `m_Ü`o Iyn [dg¨JVr AgVo. lr_¨V Zm¨d AgUmao lr_¨V AgVrbM Ago Zmhr. Am[XË` Zm¨d AgUmamMm HmoRo àHme nSVmo Hm? A^` ZmdmÀ`m ì`ºr [^Í`m AgVmV. `ed¨Vmbm AZoH doim nam^d nËHamdm bmJVmo. Va A_a ZmdmÀ`m ì`ºrbm XoIrb _¥Ë`y AgVmoM. Ë`mMà_mUo VbdmarMo Zm¨d ^dmZr Agbo Varhr ^dmZrMm Am[U VbdmarMm Hmhrhr g¨~¨Y Zmhr. XodrZo Vbdma [Xë`m_wioM amOm¨Zm `e [_imbo AÝ`Wm amOm¨Zm `e [_imbo ZgVo hm g_mOmV àMma Hobm Hr _J g_mO [edmOrEodOr XodrMr CnmgZm Haobm d XoemV [edmOrMo _hËd H_r hmoB©b Am[U Xodrbm OmUmè`m ^ºm¨Mr g¨»`m dmTob. amOm¨Zm ñdamÁ`ñWmnZoMr àoaUm XoUmè`m [OOmD_m°gmho~mÀ`m qgXIoSamOm `m _mV¥VrWm©À`m EodOr XodrMr eºrnrRo Agboë`m [RHmUr ~hwOZg_mOmZo Omdo `mgmRrM [edmOramOm¨Zm XodrZo Vbdma [Xbr Agm àMma HaÊ`mV Ambm. [edmOramOm¨Zm Iar àoaum Ë`m¨À`m AmXe© _mVmolr [OOmD_m°gmho~ `m¨Mr hmoVr. àË`oH OrdKoÊ`m àg¨Jr [OOm_mVm amOm¨À`m nmRrer I¨~ranUo Cä`m am[hë`m hmoË`m. ñÌreºrbm H_r boIÊ`mgmRr [OOmD_m°gmho~m¨Mo HV¥©Ëd ZOaoAmS Hobo OmV Amho. ~hwOZg_mO X¡ddmXr ìhmdm. `mgmRrM ~hwOZm¨Zm Xod-Xod HaÊ`mV Jw¨Vdbobo Amho. Xodmda ào_ HaÊ`mg ~hwOZm¨Zm [eHdbo åhUOo AmnmoAmn Vo am̨[Xdg Aä`mg HaÊ`mEodOr CËgd gmOam HaVrb. dJ©Ur Jmoim HaVrb. Am[U A_wë` doi dm`m KmbdyZ 500-500 [H._r. AZdmUr nm`mZo, _ÚàmeZ HéZ Á`moV AmUÊ`mg OmVrb d Ë`m¨Mm n¡gm d doi dm`m OmB©b. Agm [dfmar HQ ~«m÷Um¨Zr aMbobm Amho. `m [dfmar HQmMo BVHo [dnarV n[aUm_ Pmbobo AmhoV Hr ho gË` gm¨JVmZm XoIrb Hmhr bmoHm¨Zm IQHÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. nU AmnUmbm EH Z_« [dZ¨Vr Amho Hr AmnU em¨Vnyd©H [dMma Hamdm. lÕm OéZ Agmdr nU Vr [ZOud Hmën[ZH X¡dVm¨da Zgmdr. lÕm RodÊ`mgmRr AmB©-dSrb AmhoV, (VwHm åhUo _m`~mno & AdKr XodmMrM éno) [Od¨V _mUgm¨da, gd© g[Odm¨da, PmSm¨da lÕm Rodbr Va Amnbo Iyn \m`Xo hmoVrb. Á`m¨À`m_wio Amåhmbm h¸, A[YHma, [ejU [_imbo Ë`m¨À`mda lÕm Agmdr. nU JUnVr, XÎm, JOmZZ, ñdm_r g_W©, gañdVr, _hmbú_r, g¨Vmofr _mVm `m¨Zr emim gwé Hobr Hm? Ë`m¨Zr ~hwOZm¨Zm h¸ Am[U A[YHma [Xbo Hm? l_mda Aä`mgmda lÕm Rodbr Va Jar~r Zï hmoD eHVo. amOm¨Mr l_mda Am[U [Od¨V _mUgm¨da lÕm hmoVr. åhUwZM amOm¨Zr Á`m[RHmUr Km_ Jmibm Ë`m [RHmUr gd© OmVr Y_m©À`m bmoHm¨Zr [edmOramOm¨gmRr aº gm¨Sbo. amOm¨Zr ñdHV¥©ËdmZo [dO` [_i[dbm. HmoUË`mhr XodmÀ`m Am[edm©Xm_wio Zmhr. [edmOramOo HYrhr n¨TarÀ`m dmarbm Jobo ZmhrV. [dÇb hm ~hwOZ g_«mQ hmoVm. nU [dÇbmbm g¨ndyZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr [dÇbmMm XoIrb Xod Hobm. `m [dÇbmgmRr à[Vdfu 10 bmI ^m[dH _[hZm^a nm`r MmbV n¨Tanyabm `oVmV. EHm ~mOybm [dH[gV Xoe M¨X«, _¨Ji Am[U Jwéda Mmbbobo AmhoV, g¨JUHmÀ`m ~imda OJmV _moRr H«m¨Vr Pmbobr Amho. nU AÜ`mË_mÀ`m ZmdmImbr ~hwOZm¨Zm h¸ Am[U A[YHmamnmgyZ d¨[MV RodÊ`mMo ho EH ~«m÷Um¨Mo fS`¨Ì Amho. dmarbm nm`r MmbV `oUmao Odi Odi gd© ~hwOZ AgVmV. [edmOramOm¨À`mìXmao _wbg_mZ ìXof nga[dÊ`mMo fS`¨Ì [edmOramOo _wgb_mZ ìXoïo ZìhVo ho [Z[d©dmX gË` AgVmZmXoIrb [edmOramOo åhUOo _wgb_mZ[damoY Aer HënZm `m OJmV ~«m÷U boIHm¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobobr Amho. A\ObImZ, emB©ñVoImZ, Am¡a¨JOo~, [XboaImZ ho amOm¨Mo eÌy hmoVo `m~m~V Xw_V Zmhr. nU amOm¨Mo Ë`m¨À`mer amOHr` `wÕ hmoVo. Y_©`wÕ ZìhVo. nU A\ObImZ Am¡a¨JOo~, [gÔr `m àg¨JmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _wgb_mZ ìXof RmgwZ ^aÊ`mMo Hm_ AZoH HWmHma, emhra, ZmQHHma Am[U HmX¨~arHmam¨Zr Hobobo Amho. na¨Vw HWm, HmX¨~ar, [MÌnQ, _m[bHm, _hmZmQç åhUOo B[Vhmg Zìho. [edmOramOo _wgb_mZìXoïo hmoVo Ago g_mOmda q~~dbo åhUOo ~hwOZg_mO Am[U _wgb_mZ `mÀ`m_Ü`o d¡a [Z_m©U ìhmdo, ho `m nmRr_mJMo fS`¨Ì Amho. ~hwOZg_mO Am[U _wgb_mZ `m¨Mr Zoh_rM X¨Jb ìhmdr Agm à`ËZ ~«m÷Um¨Zr AZoH dfmªnmgyZ Hobobm Amho. Am¡a¨JOo~mZo Ooìhm qhXyZm [O[P`m Ha bmXbm Voìhm ~«m÷U Ha XoV ZìhVo. `mMm AW© ~«m÷U ho qhXy ZmhrV. ~«m÷U ho na[H` AmhoV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m¨Zm Xoe Am[U Y_© Zmhr, åhUyZM Vo qhXyÀ`m ZmdmImbr ~hwOZm¨Zm _wgb_mZm¨À`m [déÕ ^SH[dVmV. nU ~«m÷Um¨Mo _wbg_mZm¨er A¨VJ©V Iyn K[Zð g¨~¨Y AgVmV. Ë`m_wio ~hwOZ g_mOmZo OmVr` X¨Jbr Hé Z`oV hr Z_« [dZ¨Vr! HmaU àmU hm AË`¨V _hËdmMm Amho. EHXm Jobobm àmU HYrM `oV ZgVmo. OJmVrb gd© _mUgo g_mZ AmhoV. ^maVmVrb OmV, Y_©, n¨W ho ~«m÷Um¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobobo AmhoV. HmoUmMrhr gÎmm Agbr Var ~«m÷U ho Ë`m gÎmm[Yembm [MQHyZ AgVmV. AH~a Vo Am¡a¨JOo~ `m¨Mo AZoH gëbmJma ~«m÷U hmoVo. A\ObImZ, emBñVoImZ, Am¡a¨JOo~, [XboaImZ, [gÕr `m¨Zr ~«m÷Um¨Zr ghHm`© Hoë`m_wioM amOm¨Zm Iyn Ìmg Pmbm hmoVm. AmOXoIrb AZoH ~«m÷U [gZoVmaHm¨Zm _wgb_mZ [hamo[edm` Ha_V Zmhr. (OmUHmam¨Zr emoY ¿`mdm). Jm`Z-g¨JrV joÌm_Ü`o _wgb_mZ _mÝ`dam¨Mr hm¨Or-hm¨Or HéZM ~«m÷U Jm`H CX`mbm Ambo. amOHr` joÌmV XoIrb ~«m÷U Am[U _wgb_mZ `m¨Mo A[O~mV d¡a Zmhr. åhUOo ~«m÷U Am[U _wgb_mZm¨Mo A[O~mV d¡a Zmhr. àË`oH gÎmobm ~«m÷U [MQHyZ AgVmV. åhUyZM g¨JrV, Z¥Ë`, [MÌHbm, gm[hË`, Jm`Z, dmXZ, g¨emoYZ, [ejU, dº¥Ëd, àgma_mÜ`_o, àemgZ B.joÌ ~«m÷Um¨À`m Vmã`mV AmhoV. bmImo ^y[_nwÌm¨Zm Jm`ZmMr g¨Yr [_imbr Zmhr åhUyZ Jm`H hmoVm Ambo Zmhr. åhUOo Hodi g¨Yr [_imbr Zmhr åhUyZ `mo½`Vm AgVmZm XoIrb ~hwOZg_mOmbm ~«m÷Um¨Zr Jwbm_[JarV Rodbo. åhUyZ A[VaoŠ`m¨À`m XheVrnojm ~«m÷UmMm g¨ñH¥VrH XheVdmX Iyn ^`mZH Amho. Am[U hm XheVdmX Hm`_ RodÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷U ho _wgb_mZM Hm` OJmVrb HmoUË`mhr gÎmoer K[Zð g¨~¨Y RodVmV, nU ~hwOZg_mOmZo nwTo `oD Z`o `mgmRr Vo ~hwOZm¨Zm HYr _wgb_mZm¨À`m, [I«íMZm¨À`m, ~m¡Õm¨À`m [déÕ ^SHmdVmV d Ambr g¨mñH¥VrH d amOHr` nmoir ^mOyZ KoVmV. `mgmRr ~hwOZg_mOmgh gd© Y_m©À`m ~m¨Ydm¨Zr X¨Jbr Hé Z`oV. àgma_mÜ`_o (XwaXe©Z Am[U dV©_mZnÌo) ~«m÷Um¨À`m Vmã`mV Amë`m_wio dV©_mZnÌmda HmoUrhr [dídmg RoD Z`o. Agm AnàMma Hobm OmVmo Hr [edmOramOo ZgVo Va gdmªMr gwÝVm Pmbr AgVr, Va _moJbm¨À`m nXar AgUmè`m aOnyV g¡[ZHm¨Mr gwÝVm Hm Pmbr Zmhr? [_Pm©amOo, O`qgJ, am_qgJ, [^_goZ gŠgoZm `m¨Mr gwÝVm Hm Pmbr Zmhr? CÎma ^maVmVrb ~hwOZm¨Mr gwÝVm Hm Pmbr Zmhr? g¨^mOramOo ~«m÷U doemV _WwaoV [ZYmo©HnUo amhy eHV hmoVo, `mMm AW© Am½«`mÀ`m Odi AgUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨Mr gwÝVm Pmbr Zmhr. Var XoIrb H[d ^yfUÀ`m Hmì`mMm AmYma KoDZ _wgb_mZm¨Mr [^Vr XmI[dÊ`mMm à`ËZ ~«m÷U d Ë`m¨À`m g¨KQZm HaVmV. ~hwOZm¨_Ü`o _wgb_mZm¨Mo ^` [Z_m©U HéZ Ë`m¨À`m_Ü`o Agwa[jVVm [Z_m©U Ham`Mr d ~hwOZm¨Mm dmna gÎmm, g¨nÎmr H_mdÊ`mgmRr Ham`Mm d _wgb_mZ d ~hwOZm¨Zm X¨JbrV g¨ndm`Mo hm d¡[XHm¨Mm H«wa Smd Amho. _w[ñb_m¨À`m_Ü`o XoIrb Agwa[jVVoMr ^mdZm [Z_m©U HéZ Ë`m¨Zm XoIrb ^SH[dbo OmVo. [edmOramOm¨À`m ^ºm¨Zm _wgb_mZm¨À`m [déÕ ^SH[dÊ`mMo ~«m÷U ZoVo doimodoir Hm à`ËZ HaVmV? `m àíZmMo CÎma àË`oH [Okmgw dmMHm¨Zr Hm`_ñdénr ñ_aUmV Rodmdo. ~hwOZ Am[U _wgb_mZmZ_Ü`o Hm`_ñdénr ^m¨SU MmbV am[hbo åhUOo ^m¨SUmVM Ë`m¨Mr eºr IM© hmoB©b Am[U Ë`mMm \m`Xm ~«m÷Um¨Zm amOHmaUmV d àemgZmV hmoVmo. ~hwOZg_mO Am[U _wgb_mZ `m¨Mo `wdH X¨JbrV ASHbo Hr, ~«m÷Ur bmoHm¨Zm ñnYm© n[ajoV ghO `e [_iVo. ~hwOZ g_mOmMr _wbo nmobrg ñQoeZ, HmoQm©V hobnmQo KmbV AgVmV d Z¨Va Vé¨JmV ASHVmV `mgmRrM [edmOramOm¨À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _wgb_mZ ìXof [Z_m©U HaÊ`mMo fS`¨Ì aMÊ`mV Ambo Amho. [edam`m¨Zm _w[ñb_ìXoïo RadÊ`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Zm bîHa-E-[ed~m ZmdmMr g¨KQZm HmTbr. [edam`m¨Mo OJmVrb n[hbo [MÌ aoImQUmam _ra _h¨_X hm _wgb_mZ hmoVm. Ë`m_wioM AmnUmbm AmO amOm¨Mo Iao [MÌ CnbãY Pmbo. [edam`m¨À`m ñdamÁ`mMm n[hbm goZmnVr hm ZwaImZ ~oJ hmoVm. [gÕrB~«mhr_ d _Xmar _ohVa ho amOm¨Mo A¨JajH hmoVo. [gÕr [hbmb ho amOm¨Mo [Zðmd¨V gaXma hmoVo. B~«m[h_ Xm¡bVImZ hm amOm¨Mm Ama_maXb à_wI, HmOr h¡Xa ho amOm¨Mo ImOJr g{Md hmoVo. HoierMo g¨V ~m~m `mHyV, nmQJm¨dMo g¨V _m¡Zr~m~m ho amOm¨Zm JwéñWmZr hmoVo. éñVw_oO_mZ amOm¨Mm JwßVhoa hmoVm. amOm¨À`m g¡Ý`mV 35 Q¸o _wgb_mZ hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zm Z_mO nTÊ`mgmRr amOm¨Zr am`JSmda _[eX ~m¨Ybr. åhUOo _[eX nmSUmao amOm¨Mo AZw`m`r hmoDM eHV ZmhrV. ehmOramOm¨À`m gwQHogmRr Am¡a¨JOo~mZo Va g¨^mOramOm¨À`m gwQHogmRr AmXrbehmZo [edam`m¨Zm _XV Hobr hmoVr `mMm AW© Vo Y_©`wÕ ZìhVo. [edmOrMo Zm¨d KoDZ _wgb_mZmbm qHdm HmoUË`mhr Y_m©bm [eì`m XoUmao amOm¨Mo AZw`m`r hmoDM eHV ZmhrV. Ë`mnmRr_mJo ~hwOZm¨Mm AkmZnUm Am[U ~«m÷Um¨Mm Hmdo~mOnUm Amho. ~«m÷Um¨Mo _w[ñb_-_amRo XmoKohr QmJo©Q AmhoV _amRçm¨Zm hmVmer YéZ _w[ñb_ ìXof [eH[dUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨Mo Hodi _w[ñb_M QmJo©Q ZmhrV Va _amRo XoIrb QmJo©Q AmhoV. [edmOramOm¨Zr gd© ~«m÷Um¨Mm [damoY PwJméZ amÁ`m[^foH Hobm. VoìhmnmgyZ _amRo g¨n[dUo hm ~«m÷Um¨Mm CÔoe Amho. Ë`m¨Mo Oa _amRçm¨da ào_ AgVo Va Ë`m¨Zr _amRçm¨Zm, XwaXe©Z, Ý`m`nm[bHm, àemgZ, ZmQçjoÌ, gm¨mñH¥VrH, gm[h[Ë`H B. joÌmV gm_mdyZ KoVbo AgVo. `mDbQ `m [RHmUr [damoY HaVmV. _amRo-X[bV, _amRo-_w[ñb_ dmXmbm IVnmUr KmbÊ`mMo Hm_ ~«m÷U HaVmV. `mnmRr_mJo X[bV, _w[ñb_m¨~amo~aMo _amRo CÕñV HaUo hm ~«m÷Um¨Mm JwßV HQ Amho. `mgmRr ~«m÷U _amRçm¨MmM dmna HaVmV hr \ma _moRr emoHm¨[VHm Amho. àemgZ, Ý`m`mb`, [_Sr`m, Y_©gÎmm Vmã`mV ahmdr `mgmRr ~«m÷U XoemV X¨Jbr KS[dVmV. ~«m÷U dM©ñd Hm`_ ahmdo. Ë`mgmRr ~«m÷Um¨Mo AZoH nwU©doi Hm`©HVo© Zm¨d, doe ~XbyZ Hm_ HaVmV. `mgmRr Vo [edmOramOo-g¨^mOramOo `m¨Mo Zm¨d dmnaVmV. HmaU [QiH-gmdaHam¨Mo Zm¨d KoDZ _amRo noQUma ZmhrV, ho ~«m÷Um¨Zm _m[hVr Amho. [dœd¨Ú [edam`m¨Zm "_amRmamOm' Ago åhUÊ`m_mJrb HQ [edam`m¨Zr ^maVmVrb ^y[_nwÌm¨Mo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. amOm¨Zr dU©ì`dñWm Am[U OmVrì`dñWm Zï Hobr. amOm¨Zr [Z_m©U Hobobo ñdamÁ` Hodi ^mogbo, nmQrb, OmYd, `mXd, qZ~miHa, Jm`HdmS, _mZo B. _amRçm¨Mo amÁ` Zìho. amOm¨Zr gd© OmVr-Y_m©Vrb g_mO ~m¨Ydm¨À`m ghmæ`mZo ñdamÁ` [Z_m©U Hobo. [edam`m¨Zm \º _amRm V»VmMr [Z[_©Vr Hobr AgVr Va BVa OmVr Y_m©À`m OZVoZo ghHm`© Hobo ZgVo. amOm¨À`m g¡Ý`mV d A[YHmar dJm©V _hma, _mV¨J, M_©Hma, Hw¨^ma, Ýhmdr, AmJ«mr, bmohma, _mir, qbJm`V, YZJa, gwVma, Hmoir, ~m¡Õ, _wgb_mZ B. bmoH hmoVo. amOm¨gmRr gd© OmVrY_m©Vrb OZVoZo àmU [Xbo. `mMm AW© amOm¨Mo amÁ` Hodi _amRçm¨Mo amÁ` ZìhVo, ho [Z[d©dmX gË` Amho. VarXoIrb amOm¨Mm CëboI _amRmamOm Agm OmUrdnwd©H àgma_mÜ`_o Am[U ~«m÷Urgm[hË`mV Hobm OmVmo. `mnmRr_mJo amOm¨À`m d¡[üH Hm`m©bm _`m©[XV HaÊ`mMm [dfmar HQ Amho. amOm¨Zm _amRm\mC¨Sa, _amRmg_«mQ, _amRmamOm Agm CëboI Hobm Hr, _hmamï—m~mhoarb OZVm amOm¨HSo _amRm OmVrMm ZoVm åhUyZ nhmVo. åhUOo amOm¨Zm \º EHm OmVrÀ`m Mm¡HQrV ~¨[XñV HaÊ`mMm HQ Amho. _amRoVam¨Zm amOm¨~Ôb AgUmam AmXa g¨nmdm. `mgmRr ~«m÷U OmUrdnwd©H à`ËZ HaVmV. dV©_mZnÌo, amï—r` [Z`VHm[bHo, B¨J«Or àgma_mÜ`mV hm OmUrdnwd©H à`ËZ Hobm OmVmo. åhUyZM ^maVmVrb 21 ì`m eVHmVrb OZVm amOm¨HSo OmVr` X¥ïrHmoZmVyZ nmhÊ`mMm g¨^mì` YmoHm Amho. hm YmoHm hmoD Z`o `mgmRr gwkm¨Zr bj XoUo JaOoMo Amho. [edam`m¨Zm Jmo~«m÷Uà[VnmbH g¨~moYÊ`m_mJo d¡[XHm¨Mm HQ [edmOramOm¨Zm d¡[XHm¨Zr nmdbmonmdbr AVmoZmV Nibo. noeì`m¨Zr amOm¨À`m gd© Hm`m©bm Hmir_m \mgbm. AemàHmao Ìmg XoUmè`m¨Mo ajU amOm¨Zr Hobo Agob Hm? `mCbQ ~«m÷Um¨Zr [edam`m¨Zm Hobobm [damoY amOm¨Zr _wbm[hOm Z ~miJVm _moSyZ HmTVm. `màg¨Jr amOm¨Zr J¨«Wàm_mÊ` ZmHmabo. ~«m÷U åhUyZ HmoU _wbm[hOm ~miJVmo? Agm IUIUrV Bemam amOm¨Zr ~«m÷Um¨Zm [Xbm. Ë`m¨Zr ~«m÷Um¨Mr Aaoamdr Zï Hobr. ho g_Oy Z`o åhUyZ [edmOramOm¨Zm Jmo~«m÷Uà[VnmbH Aer CnmYr ~«m÷Um¨Zr [Xbr. amOo Jmo~«m÷Uà[VnmbH AgVo Va _J ~«m÷Um¨Zr d Jm`tZr amOm¨gmRr àmU Hm [Xbm Zmhr? [edam`m¨Zr \º Jm`tMm à[Vnmb HéZ BVa àmÊ`m¨Zm g¨n[dÊ`mMo fS`¨Ì AmIbo ZìhVo. Ë`m¨Mo Jm`tda ào_ hmoVo. nU BVa newnú`m¨Mm Ë`m¨Zr [VañHma Hobm Zmhr. XoemV Jm`rMr g¨»`m dmTmdr d ~hwOZ g_mOmMr _wbo JwamIr ìhmdrV Am[U ~«m÷Um¨Zm H_r [H_VrV XwY, Vwn, bmoUr [_imdo `mgmRr Vo Jm`rMo CXmÎmrHaU HaVmV Va ~hwOZ _hmnwéfm¨Zm JmonmbH JmonmbH RadVmV. Aem àHmao [edmOramOoo Jmo~«m÷Um¨Mo à[VnmbH Zìho Va ~hwOZ à[VnmbH HwidmSr ^wfU a`VoMo amOo AmhoV. n[adV©ZmMo Hm`© HaUmè`m _hmnwéfmbm gwédmVrbm HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm OmVmo. Ë`mV `e Ambo Zmhr Va n[adV©Z HaUmè`mMr ~XZm_r Hobr OmVo Ë`m_Ü`ohr `e Ambo Zmhr Va _J Ë`m _hmnwéfmMm IyZ Hobm OmVmo. Am[U _J Ë`m [Xd¨JV _hmnwéfmMm Xod Hobm OmVmo, Am[U _J Ë`mÀ`m ZmdmMm O`O`Hma HéZ Ë`m¨À`m AZw`m`m¨Zm Jwbm_ Hobo OmVo. AJXr hmM àHma [edam`m¨~m~V KSbobm Amho.nU AmUIr doi Jobobr Zmhr. Ceram Hm hmoB©Zm ~hwOZ g_mOmbm amOm¨Mm Iam B[Vhmg g_Oy bmJbm B[VhmgmMm`© àm._m._.Xoe_wI ho Iè`m B[VhmgmMo AmÚ g¨emoYH AmhoV. Ë`m¨Zr Hobobo ~¨S AmVm W¨S nSUma Zmhr. [edmOramOm¨Zm Iyn NiÊ`mV Ambo, nU amOm¨Zr n[adV©ZmMo Hm_ AY©dQ gmoSbobo Zmhr. åhUyZM AmO AmnU VmR _mZoZo C^o AmhmoV amOm¨Mo Hm`© d¡[œH Amho. amOm¨Zr OmVr-Y_©-n¨W, àm¨V, ^mfm hr H¥[Ì_ ~¨YZo Zï Hobr Am[U gd© _mZdOmVrÀ`m Hë`mUmgmRr Hm`© Hobo åhUyZM [edam`m¨Zm [dœd¨Y, ~hwOZà[VnmbH, HwidmSr^wfU åhUVmV. Aer [dœd¨Ú [edmOramOm¨Zm [dZ_« A[^dmXZ. A[^ì`ºr ñdmV¨Í`mÀ`m ZmdmImbr amOm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaUmam¨Mr HQHmañWmZo [edam`m¨À`m Zmdm¨Mo d Ë`m¨À`m [deofUm¨Mo [dS¨~Z AZoH HbmH¥VrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Hobo OmVo. ~hwOZ AkmZm_wio HaVmV Va ~«m÷U OmUrdnwd©H HaVmV. _[ÀN¨X« Hm¨~ir d g¨Vmof ndma `m¨Zm nVr _mPo NÌnVr ho ZmQç [Z_m©U Hobo NÌnVr `m Jm¡adembr eãXmMr hr Hy«a Moïm Amho. n¡gm H_mdÊ`mgmRr n[dÌ CnmYtMm Y¨Xm HaUmè`m¨da Iao Va emgZmZoM HRmoa HmadmB© Hamd`mbm hdr hmoVr nU emgZmbm doi HwRo Amho? ho Hm_ em¨Vmam_ Hw¨Ora, à[dU Jm`HdmS, g¨Vmof ZmZdQo `m¨Zr Hobo. amOm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaUmè`m _[ÀN¨X« Hm¨~ir d g¨Vmof ndma `m¨Zm _amRm _hmg¨KmZo Mm¨JbmM YSm [eHdbm. Voìhm Hm¨~itZr ZmQHmMo Zm¨d ~Xbbo. NÌnVr EodOr NÌrnVr Hobo. Hm¨~ir BVHr Bfm© HemgmRr? nyU© Zm¨d ~Xbbo Va [edmOramOm¨Mo VwåhrXoIrb Iao AZw`m`r hmoD eHVm. `.[X.\SHo [edam`m¨Zm EHoarda ~mobÊ`mMo g_W©Z HaVmV. Ahmo \SHo Vwåhr Vw_À`m dSrbm¨Zm Var EHoarda ~mobVm Hm hmo? [edmOr_hmamO Va Vw_À`m ~mnmnojm hOma nQtZr loð AmhoV. ~hwOZìXoïçm am_Xmg, [QiH, gmdaHa BË`m[X¨Mm EHoarda CëboI Hobm Va ~«m÷Um¨Zm IQHVo. nU [edmOramOo, g¨^mOramOo `m¨Mm CëboI EHoarda Hoë`mMo IQHV Zmhr. `mMo Zdb dmQVo. AZoH XméMr XwHmZo, ~rSr `m¨Zm [edmOr-g¨^mOr `m¨Mr Zmdo XoUo hr amOm¨Mr ~XZm_r Amho. `m ~m~V Xj AgUo AË`¨V JaOoMo Amho. OJmVrb HmoUVrhr OZVm Amnë`m _hmnwéfm¨Mr ~XZm_r ghZ HaV ZmhrV. Ë`mà_mUo AmnU XoIrb Xj ahmdo. AYm© Moham dmKmMm d AYm© Moham [edmOramOm¨Mm HmTUo hr amOm¨Mr ~XZm_r Amho. h._mo._amRo `m¨Zr bmbwàgmX `mXd `m¨Mr VwbZm [edmOramOm¨er Hobr hmoVr. åhUOo XmoKm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaUo h._mo. Mr Mmb Amho. amOm¨Zr JUnVrMrM Hm` nU HmoUË`mhr _wVuMr ñWmnZm Hobr ZìhVr, Var XoIrb RmÊ`mÀ`m g^oV nwa¨Xao Jai AmoHboM. BWyZ nwTo [edmOramOm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaUmam¨Mr _amRm godm g¨K, _hmg¨K, g¨^mOr [~«JoS, [OOmD [~«JoS XIb KoB©b. [edam`m¨Zm _amRçm¨Zr [damoY Hobm Hm`? [edmOramOm¨Zm nmdbmo-nmdbr àË`j AàË`jnUo [damoY HaUmè`m ~«m÷Um¨Mr _m[hVr KoVë`mZ¨Va Hmhr dmMHm¨À`m _ZmV àíZ [Z_m©U hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho Hr, OmdirMo _moao, ImonSo, qZ~miHa, _mo[hVo B._amRm gaXma amOm¨Mo eÌy ZìhVo Hm? hm àíZ Cn[ñWV hmoUo gmh[OHM Amho. _moao, ImonSo, qZ~miHa, _mo[hVo B._amRm gaXma ho na¨naoZo Ë`m Ë`m joÌmda amÁ` HaUmao g¨ñWm[ZH hmoVo. Ë`m¨Zm Ë`m¨À`m loðËdmMm d¥Wm A[^_mZ hmoVmo. a`VoÀ`m Hë`mUmMr Ë`m¨Zm A[O~mV qMVm ZìhVr. Vo gd© gaXma [ZîH«r` hmoVo. Am[Xbehm _moJbm¨Mo A¨_bmImbr Vo Ë`m-Ë`m ^mJmMo ZoV¥Ëd HaV hmoVo. Vo OZVoMo ZoVo ZìhVo. g_Vm hm [dMma ~«m÷Ur ì`dñWo_wio Ë`m¨À`m_Ü`o éObm ZìhVm. Jdm©_wio Vo amOm¨Zm [damoY HaV hmoVo. HmaU am_XmgmZoM _amRm gaXmam¨Zm amOm¨À`m [damoYmV C^o Hobo hmoVo. åhUyZM _amRm gaXma amOm¨Zm [damoY HaV hmoVo. na¨Vw Ë`m¨Mm [damoY àmg¨[JH hmoVm. Ë`m¨À`m [damoYm_mJo AkmZ hmoVo. åhUyZM Ë`m _amRm gaXmam¨Zr nwTo amOm¨Zm ghHm`© Hobo. ~OmOr qZ~miHamZo Y_mªVa Hobo ZìhVo. AmO Va gd© _moao, ImonSo, qZ~miHa, _mo[hVo `m¨Mo [edmOramOm¨da [ZVm¨V ào_ Amho. na¨Vw ~«m÷U amOm¨Zm OmUrdnwd©H ñdmWm©gmRr [damoY HaV hmoVo. AmO Va amOm¨Mo Zmd KoV-KoVM Vo amOm¨Mr ~XZm_r HaV AmhoV. _amRo HmoUVrhr MwH AkmZm_wio HaVmV. ^maVmVrb gd© ~«m÷U na[H` AmhoV · Am`mªZr AZm`mªMm [~_moS HéZ qhXyñWmZmV V¨JSçm ngaë`m (g¨X^©- _m.~mimgmho~ RmHao `m¨Mo dSrb à~moYZHma RmHao [b[IV d kmZoe _hmamd g¨nm[XV- Ádb¨V qhXwËd) · ~«m÷U bmoH ho g_wX«mÀ`m n[bHSog Omo BamU Xoe Amho. Ë`m XoemVrb _wiMo amhUmao hmoV¨. nydu Ë`mg BamUr qHdm Am`© bmoH åhUV AgV. àW_ Ë`m Am`© bmoHm¨Zr ^maVmV ñdmè`m Hoë`m d _moRm qYJmUm Hobm (g¨X^©- amï—[nVm OmoVramd \wbo [b[IV- Jwbm_[Jar nmZ Z¨. 143, g_J« \wbo) · Am¡a¨JOo~mZo qhXyZm [O[P`m Ha bmXbm Vo¨ìhm, ~«m÷Um¨Zr AmnU naHr` Agë`m_wio qhXy åhUOo Jwbm_ Zmhr. Ago gm¨JyZ [O[P`m HamnmgyZ gdbV [_i[dbr. åhUOo ~«m÷U ho qhXy Va ZmhrVM nU ^maVr` XoIrb ZmhrV ho [gÕ hmoVo. B[OßVdmZMm An^¨«e [OßVdmZ Pmbm. [OßVdmZbmM nwTo [MËnmdZ Ago åhQbo OmD bmJbo. åhUOo [MËnmdZ ~«m÷U ho _wiMo B[OßV_Yrb AmhoV. (g¨X^©- am_M¨X« bmS [b[IV- nm`nmog qH_VrMo noedo) \wbo, emhw, Am¨~oSHa, ^mDamd nmQrb `m¨Zr gwé Hoboë`m emioV AmO XoIrb ~«m÷U [Z[_©V nmRçnwñVHo [eHdbr OmVmV. åhUyZ _wbm¨Zm ImoQm B[Vhmg [eHdbm OmVmo.
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