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Rashtrapita Jotirao Phule
Rashtrapita Jotirao Phule
was born in
1827. His father, Govindrao was a vegetable vendor at Poona. Originally
Jotirao's family, known as Gore, came from Katugan, a village in the
Satara district of Maharashtra. His grandfather Shetiba Gore settled
down in Poona. Since Jotirao's father and two uncles served as florists
under the last of the Peshwas, they came to be known as 'Phules'.
Jotirao's mother passed away when he was hardly one year old. After
completing his primary education, Jotirao had to leave the school and
help his father by working on the family's farm. Jotirao's marriage was
celebrated when he was not even thirteen.
An incident
in 1848 made him aware of the qualities of the caste system, the
predominant position of the Brahmins in the social set up. He was
invited to attend a wedding of one of his Brahmin friends. As the
bridegroom was taken in a procession, Jotirao accompanied him along with
the relatives of his Brahmin friend. Knowing that Jotirao belonged to
the Mali caste which was considered to be inferior by the Brahmins, the
relatives of the bridegroom insulted and abused him. Jotirao left the
procession and returned home. With tears in his eyes, he narrated his
experience to his father who tried to pacify him. After this incident
Jotirao made up his mind to defy the caste-system and serve the Shudras
and women who were deprived of all their rights as human beings under
the caste-system.
Throughout
his life, Jotirao Phule fought for the emancipation of the downtrodden
people and the struggle, which he launched at a young age ended only
when he died on 28th November, 1890. He was a pioneer in many fields and
among his contemporaries he stands out as one who never wavered in his
quest for truth and justice. Though he was often accused of fomenting
hatred between the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins, very rarely an attempt
was made to consider his scathing criticism in a broad perspective. The
later generations also took considerable time to understand and
appreciate the profound significance of his unflinching espousal of the
'rights of man' which remained till the end of his life a major theme of
his writings and a goal of his actions.
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