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H_©dra ^mDamd nmQrb

[ejU n«gma [X¨SrVrb d«VñV dmaHar

A°S. e¡bOm _moiH

""nX²_^yfU, Sr. [bQ². gma»`m nXì`m [_idwZ nXdrMm XOm© dmT[dbm hmoVm åhUÊ`mBVHr H_©dram¨À`m Hm_mMr C¨Mr hmoVr. AZoH Jar~ _wbm¨Zm `mo½` _mJ© XmIdUmam dmQmSçm, _mJ©Xe©H , _hm_mZd, g_mO[ejH a`V [ejU g¨ñWoÀ`m énmZo AmOhr Amnë`mV Amho. Agm _mZd, _hmZ g_mOgwYmaH , a`VoÀ`m godH _[OVwë` [ejH 9 _o 1959 amoOr Amnë`m Hm`m©Mm A_wë` Agm Rodm Amnë`m nXamV QmHwZ AZ¨VmV [dbrZ Pmbm. ''

ñdmV¨Í`nyd© HmimV ~«måhUm¨Mr VéU [nTr nmíMmË` [ejU [_imë`mZo d ËdarV [~«Qre gËVoV gd©Ì ZmoHè`m [_imë`mZo B¨J«O gaHmaMr godm HaÊ`mV YÝ`Vm _mZV hmoVr. ñdmV¨Í`mMo, Jwbm_[JarMo, ~hwOZ g_mOmMo, ewX«m[VewX«m¨Mo Hmhrhr XoUo-KoUo Vo _mZrV ZìhVo. nU `mHmimV bmoH[hVdmXr Xoe_wI, Ý`m`_wVu amZSo, AmJaHa Ago ~«måhU gwYmaH gm_m[OH gwYmaUo~m~V [dMma HarV AgVmZm _ZwdmXr gZmVZr ~«måhU loð hmoVo. nwamohrVdJ© d [h¨XwËddmX `mnwTo gwYmaHhr eaU `oV hmoVo. ~«måhUm¨[edm` gmar J«m[_U OZVm ASmUr, AkmZr hmoVr. Jwbm_JrarV am~V hmoVr. AemV [I«íMZ [_eZar Y_©n«gmamMm hoVy _Zmer ~miJwZ ewX« g_Oë`m OmUmè`m bmoHm¨V [ejUmMm n«gma Hé bmJbo. `mM HmimV gZ 1842 _Ü`o Á`mo[V~m \wbo `m¨Zr [ejUmMm n«gma HaÊ`mMo Radbo. EHm ~«måhU [_ÌmÀ`m c¾mV gZmVZr ~«måhUm¨Zr Ë`m¨Mm ewX« åhUwZ An_mZ Hoë`mZo \wbo `m¨Mm [h¨Xw Y_m©HSo nmhÊ`mMm X¥ïrHmoZ ~Xbbm. Ë`m¨Zr [h¨Xw Y_m©Mm Aä`mg HaÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr d Ë`mZ¨Va [h¨Xw Y_m©Mo Y_©J«¨W ho Amnë`mbm Jwbm_[JarV RodÊ`mgmRrM AmhoV. ho bjmV KoDZ [ejU n«gma d gm_m[OH gwYmaUm `mgmRr gË`emoYH g_mOmMr ñWmnZm Hobr d `m_wioM gZmVZr H_©R ~«måhU nwamo[hVdJm©À`m ~«måhUm[déÕ aU[e¨J \w¨Hbo Am[U ~«måhU-~«måhUoVa dmXmg gwédmV Pmbr.

`mZ¨Va amOfu emhw _hmamOm¨Zm gZ 1899 _Ü`o Ë`m¨À`m amOnwamohrVmMo eyX« g¨~moYwZ Ë`m¨À`m ñZmZmÀ`mdoir doXmoŠV _¨Ì åhUÊ`mgm ZHma [Xbm. `m_wio" doXmoŠV n«HaU ' ~aoM JmObo Am[U HmoëhmnwamV gË`emoYH g_mOmMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. Aem n[a[ñWVrV ^mDamd nmQrb HmoëhmnwamV [ejU KoV hmoVo.

Hmoëhmnwa g¨ñWmZmV hmVHU¨Jbo VmbwŠ`mV Hw¨^moO `m JmdmV 22 gßQo¨~a 1887 amoOr ^mDamdm¨Mm OÝ_ Pmbm. ^mDamdmMo dSrb eoVr ì`dgm` HarV hmoVo. Vo [Zaja hmoVo. O¡Z _RmMo Hma^mar Pmë`m_wio EHXm Ë`m¨Zr Hmhr HmJXnÌm¨da ghr HaÊ`mMr doi Ambr. Voìhm Hmhr [Z[_ËV gm¨JwZ Amnbo [ZajaVoMo d¡JwÊ` bndbo. nU hr _mZhmZr Ë`m¨À`m _ZmV Imobda ~moMV amhrbr d Ë`m¨Zr ^mDamdmbm [ejU Úm`Mo [Z[íMV Hobo. 14 dfu Ë`m¨Mo [ejU gwé hmoDZ 21 ì`m dfu Vo gmVdr nmg Pmbo Am[U B¨J«Or amÁ`mÀ`m _hgwb ImË`mV HmaHwZ åhUwZ Hm_mghr bmJbo. O¡Z eoVHar g_mOmVwZ gmVdr hmoUmao Vo n[hbo J¥hñW hmoVo. Vo A[Ve` Hm_gw n«m_m[UH J¥hñW hmoVo. VgoM Vo ~¨SImoa d Hamar d¥ËVrMo hmoVo. EHXm _m_boXma `m¨Zr Hmhr HmJX Ë`m¨Zm _mJrVbo, Vo ZrQ EoHw Jobo Zmhr. Voìhm Vo ^mDamdm¨Zm åhUmbo, ""nmQrb Vwåhmbm H_r EoHw `oVo. Vwåhr Hm_ HaÊ`mV AZ\rQ AmhmV. VmËHmi [Zd¥ËV ìhm! Am[U ^mDamdm¨Zr VmËHmi amOrZm_m [Xbm. _m_boXma `m¨Zr AO© naV ¿`mdm åhUwZ n«`ËZhr HéZhr Ë`m¨Zr HmoUmMo EoHbo Zmhr.

^mDamdm¨Mo n«oaUmñWmZ NÌnVr [edmOr _hmamO hmoVo. nU Ë`mM~amo~a _hmË_m \wbo, amOfu emhy _hmamO, _hmË_m Jm¨Yr, Sm°. _hfu [dÇb am_Or [e¨Xo d Sm°. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oSHa `m¨À`m [dMmam¨Mm Ë`m¨Moda n«^md hmoVm. Vo `m gd© [d^y[V¨Zm no«aUmñWmZrM _mZrM AgV. amOfu emhw _hmamOm¨Mo Hm`©, Ë`m¨Zm Agbobr a`Vo~ÔbMr AmñWm Vo OdiwZ nmhV hmoVo. `mMm HmoëhmnwamV AgVmZm Ë`m¨Moda [deof nJSm [Z_m©U Pmbm.

`m [dMmad¨Vm¨À`m n«^mdm_wio ^mDamd O¡Z g_mOmVrb AgVmZmgwÕm Ë`m¨Zm Añn¥í`moÕmamMo doY bmJbo hmoVo. Jar~, ewX« g_Oë`m OmUmè`m eoVHar g_mOmVrb _wbm-_wbtZm [ejU [_imbo nmhrOo, ho Ë`m¨Mo Ü`o` hmoVo. Ë`m¨À`m Kar gmodio- Amodio _mZrV AgVm¨Zm Vo _mÌ XrZX[bVm¨[df`r _ZmV HéUm ~miJwZ hmoVo. O¡Z Y_m©Zo Ë`m¨Zm gË` d A[h¨goMr OmU [Xbr hmoVr. nU O¡Z g_mO A[Ve` H_©R. Añn¥í`mMr [edm[ed nmiUmam Varhr HmoëhmnwamVrb dmËgë`m_wio \wbo-emhw-Am¨~oSHa `m¨Mo [dMma dmMë`mZo ^mDamd `mo½` Vo n[adV©Z KSwZ Ambo hmoVo. amOfu NÌnVr emhw _hmamOm¨Zr ^mDamdmbm amOdmSçmda ~mobmdwZ KoVbo hmoVo d Vwåhr Am_Mo~amo~a Hm`©aV ìhm Agm gëbm [Xbm. HmoëhmnwamVrb dmñVì`m_wio d emhw _hmamOm¨À`m gm[ÝZÜ`m_wio _wiMm YmSgr ~¨SImoa ñd^mdmMm ^mDamd A[YHMm YrQ ~Zbm. _hamOm¨À`m gm[ÝZÜ`m_wio d n«oaUoZoM ^mDamd ^mdr g_mOmV d e¡j[UH Hm`© HéZ g_mOgwYmaH åhUwZ KS[dbm Jobm `mV e¨HmM Zmhr. nU EH df© Zmnmg Pmë`mZ¨Va _°[Q—HÀ`m dJm©V OmVm Z Amë`mZo naV HmoaoJm¨dbm d[Sbm¨Zr ~mobmdwZ KoVbo. nU Hmoëhmnwa gmoSVmZm amOfu emhw _hmamO¨HSwZ g_mZVoMr [eHdU d _mJmgboë`m Añn¥í`, ^QŠ`m d JwÝhoJma O_mVr[df`r _mÌ EH doJirM X¥ïrHmoZ _Zmer ~miJwZ ^mDamd HmoaoJmdbm naVbo.

AZoH gm_m[OH gwYmaUm Amdí`H AmhoV ho ^mDamdm¨Zr OmUbo nU Ë`m¨À`mda A[YH n[aUm_ Pmbm hmoVm. VMo ~hwOZ g_mOmÀ`m [ejU n«o_mMm. `m Amnë`m eoVHè`m¨À`m _wbm¨Zm [eHdwZ ehmUo Hoë`mIoarO AkmZmMm A¨Y:Hma Xya hmoUma Zmhr. ho OmUyZ ^mdr Hm`m©Mr énaofm Ë`m¨Zr _Zmo_Z a¨JdÊ`mg gwadmV Hobr hmoVr. HmoaoJmdbm naVë`mda ZmoHar [Z[_ËVmZo Vo _w¨~B©bm Jobo nU Vo VoWo a_boM ZmhrV Ë`m¨Zm ~hwOZ g_mO [ejU hm EHM Ü`mg bmJbm hmoVm.

Hmhr HmaUmZo EHo [Xder Ë`m¨Mo Kar Hmhr nmhwUo _¨Sir Oodm`bm Ambr hmoVr. Ë`m _¨SitXoIV d[Sbm¨Zr Hobobm An_mZ ghZ Z hmoDZ ^mDamdm¨Zr Ka gmoSbo d AmVm HïmMrM ^mHar Im`Mr Ago RadwZ gmVmam `oWo n«_mU Hobo Am[U Ë`m¨Zr VoWo [eHdÊ`m gwé Hoë`m. _hmamï—mVrb Ooð g_mOgwYmaHm¨Zr Amnë`m CnOr[dHoMr gwédmV ImOJr [eHdÊ`m [H¨dm [ejHr noemVwZ Hoë`mMo [XgVo. _hmË_m \wbo, _hfu Hdo© `m¨Zr `mVyZM nwTo Amnë`m Hm_mMr [Xem d Ü`o` [Z[íMV Hobobo [XgVo. Am[U ^mDamdm¨À`m hmVwZhr nwTo "a`V [ejU g¨ñWoMo' _moRo gm_m[OH d e¡j[UH Hm`© nma nmSbo. H_©dra ^mDamdm¨Zr bmdboë`m amonQçmMm dQd¥j Pmbobm nmhVmZm Ë`m¨À`m Hm`m©Mo _hËd bjmV `oVo.

HmoëhmnwamVrb Sm¨~a n«HaUmV Hmhrhr g¨~¨Y ZgVmZm Jmodbo Joë`mZo gmSogmV _[hZo Vwé¨Jdmg ^moJwZ gwQë`mZ¨Va Ë`m¨Zm AmË_mam_n¨V AmoJbo ho [_Ì ^oQbo. Ë`m_wio Vo Hmhr Hmi CÚmoJHm¨À`m ghdmgmV a_bo. ^mDamd, AmoJbo `m¨À`m HmM d H¨[Xb `m gm_mZmMo [\aVo [dH«oVo Pmbo. XmoZ dfm©V `m¨Mm CÚmoJ Zmdménmg Ambm. ^mDamdm¨Mo [dH«r Hm¡eë` bú_Uamd [Hbmo©ñHam¨Zr hoabo d Ë`m¨Zr [Hbmo©ñHa CÚmoJmV ^mDamdmg EO¨Q åhUwZ Zo_bo. ^mDamdm¨Zr _hmamï—^a Amnë`m eoVHar ~¨Yy¨Zm bmoI¨Sr Zm¨JamMr d MaHmMr [dH«r Hobr. Hmhr HmimZo gd© HwQy¨~ [Hbmo©ñHadmSrV Ambo. VoWoM Vo gm_m[OH Hm`©HVo© Pmbo VgoM Hm_Jma n«[V[ZYr åhUwZhr Hm_Jmam¨Mr JmèhmUr bú_Uamd [Hbmo©ñHamn`©¨V Vo nmohmoMdV AgV.

gË`emoYH g_mOmMo Hm_ HaÊ`mMr Ë`m¨Zm [Hbmo©ñHam¨HSwZ nadmZJr hmoVr. Ë`mHmimV gË`emoYH Obgo hmoV AgV. Vo dV©_mZnÌmnojm A[YH n[aUm_HmaH hmoV AgV. ho amOfu emhw¨Zr OmUbo d Aem Hm`©H«_m¨Zm _XV XoÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr. ^mDamd [d[dY [RHmUr Aem Obem¨~amo~a OmV AgV. Ë`mV Vo ^mfUo XoUo, TmobHr dmOdUo d OZOmJ¥VrMo Hm_ HarV AgV. nU ho gd© HarV AgVmZm `mVyZ [ejU d OmVr[Z_w©bZ ho Hm`© hmoV Zmhr ho Ë`m¨À`m bjmV Ambo. Ë`mgmRr H¥VrMr JaO Amho. ho RadwZ gZ 1920 _Ü`o Ë`m¨Zr OZVonwTo "a`V [ejU g¨ñWm' ñWmnZ HaÊ`mMm Ramd _m¨Sbm d gË`emoYH g_mOmMo "gË` Am[U [ZË`' Agbobo e¡j[UH Hm`© HaÊ`mMo Radbo Am[U Vo naV XwYJmdbm Ambo d VoWo Amnë`mM KamV dgVrJ¥h gwé Hobo.

ZdZdrZ Hm`©Mr AmìhmZ ñdV:M C^r Hamd`mMr d Vr ñdV:M `eñdr HéZ XmIdm`Mr ho ^mDamdm¨À`m ñd^mdmMo d¡[eïç hmoVo. gË`emoYH MidirìXmao g_mOmMr JwUXmofmMr [M[HËgm Ë`m¨Zr Hobr d a`V [ejU g¨ñWoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVwZ J«m_rU VéU [nTrgmRr e¡j[UH gmo`rgdbVr CnbãY HéZ XoÊ`mMm n«`ËZ Hobm. ^mDamdm¨Mr OSU-KSU hmoÊ`mV _hËdmMm dmQm NÌnVr emhw _hmamOm¨À`m [dMmam¨Mm, ^mñHaamd OmYd, AÊUmgmho~ bÇo, _hmË_m \wbo `m¨À`m [dMmam¨Mm d Ë`mZ¨Va _hfu [e¨Xo `m¨À`m [Sñn«oñH Šbmgog [_eZMo Hm`© Am[U _hmË_m Jm¨Yr, g¨V JmSJo~m~m `m¨Mm Amho ho bjmV `oVo. `m gdm©¨ZmM Ë`m¨Zr Amnbo d¡MmarH Jwé _mZbo hmoVo.

^mDamd åhUOo gm_mÝ` eoVHar HwQy¨~mV OÝ_bobm, Am[W©H nmR~i Zgbobm EH Ü`o`doSm _mUyg hmoVm. ~hwOZ g_mOmbm [ejU [_imbo nm[hOo. `m g_mOmbm EH Zdr X¥ïr, Zdr [Xem, Zdm [dMma [_imbm nm[hOo. Jwbm_[JarVwZ `mMr _wŠVVm hmoÊ`mgmRr Vo gmja hmoUoM _hËdmMo ho Ë`m¨Zr OmUbo hmoVo. Ë`mgmRr dgVrJ¥ho [Z_m©U Pmbr nm[hOoV `mgmRr Am[W©H nmR~i d [ZðmdmZ _mUgo ho _hËdmMo ho Vo OmUwZ hmoVo d Ë`mX¥ïrZo Ë`m¨Mr nmdbo nwTo nwTo nSV hmoVr. amOfu emhw _hmamOm¨Mr n«oaUm, Ë`m¨Mm [dMmam¨Mm nJSm Ë`m¨Zm ñdñW ~gw XoV ZìhVm. åhUwZM ^mDamdm¨Zr gmVmam `oWo NÌnVr emhw ~mo[S©¨J hmDg `m ZmdmZo dg[VJ¥hmMr ñWmnZm Hobr. `mdoir `m dgVrJ¥hmÀ`m CX²KmQZmgmRr _hmË_m Jm¨Yr Ambo hmoVo. XmTrVrb HogmBVHr _wbo `m dg[VJ¥hmV [eHÊ`mgmRr Ambr nm[hOoV Ago Vo Zoh_r åhUV. NÌnVr emhw ~mo[S©¨JMo Zm_HaU HaÊ`mgmRr _hmË_m Jm¨Yr Amë`mZo d Ë`mMm d¥ËVm¨V Ho. gr. RmHao `m¨Zr "n«~moYZmV' Nmnë`mZo ^mDamdm¨À`m Hm`m©g `mo½` n«[gÕr [_imbr d gmVmè`mVrb ^mDamdm¨Mo Hm_ gmVmam [OëhçmV d [Oëhçm~mhoa bmoHm¨Zm Hiw bmJbo d _wbm¨Mr g¨»`m dmTw bmJbr Am[U _J OmJoMm n«íZ [Z_m©U hmoD bmJbm. AemVM gmVmaÀ`m emhw _hmamOm¨Mr "Y[ZZrMr ~mJ' ~arM df©o Amog nSwZ Agë`mMo ^mDamdm¨Zm Himbo. _hmamOm¨Mo Hma^mar lr XËVmÌ` HmaImZrg `m¨Zm `m OmJo~m~V [dZ¨Vr HaVmM hr ~mJ _hmamOm¨Zr é.575/- I¨SmZo `m dgVrJ¥hmgmRr [Xbr. `m ~mJoV Ë`m¨Zr Mhw ~mOw¨Zr PmonSçm ~m¨Yë`m d _Yë`m OmJoV ^mDamdm¨Zr ~hwVoH gd© eoVHè`m¨Mr _wbo Agë`mMm \m`Xm KoDZ ^mOrnmbm [nHdÊ`mg gwédmV Hobr. `mMmM AW© ^mDamdm¨À`m "ñdmdb¨~r [ejU' d "H_dm-[eHm' `m `moOZoMo _yi ho `m gmVmaÀ`m ~mJoV Amho Ago bjmV `oVo.

`mV dg[VJ¥hmV ^mDamdm¨Zr _wbm¨Zm JQdma ñd`¨nmH HaUo, n¨JVr dmTUo d BVa Hm_o Ham`bm [eHdbo. Ë`m¨À`m `m HmQoHmoa [Z`_mVwZ CËV_ [dÚmWr©, Hïmiw [dÚmWr© d ZoVo-Hm`©HVo© [Z_m©U hmoÊ`mg _XV Pmbr. Ë`m_wio A[YHm[YH nmbH `m a`V [ejU g¨ñWoHSo AmH[f©V hmoD bmJbo. H_rV H_r IM©, ñdmdb¨~r [ejU H_dm d [eHm `moOZm¨_wio eoVHè`m¨Mr HïHè`m¨Mr, ewX«m¨Mr _wbo [eHw bmJbr. `mVyZM nwTo Hmhr OU `m g¨ñWoMo AmOrd g^mgX hmoDZ g¨ñWoMr Ywam gm¨^hÊ`mg, [dHmg HaÊ`mg nwTo Ambo. `mZ¨Va Ë`m¨Zr _wbtgmRrhr hr emim d dg[VJ¥h HmTÊ`mV nwTmHma KoVbm.

n«mW[_H [ejU, _mÜ`[_H emim, Q—o[Z¨J Hm°booO, NÌnVr [edmOr _hm[dÚmb`, AmPmX [ejU _hm[dÚmb` HmTwZ J«m_rU ^mJmVrb emim¨gmRr [ejH V`ma Hobo. JmdmoJmdr ñWm[ZH eoVHar d Y[ZH , lr_¨V Ë`m¨À`m _XVrbm `oV. Ë`m_wio ^mJmV _mÜ`[_H emimhr [ZKy bmJë`m. ^mDamdm¨Zr ñdHïmVwZ, l_mVwZ [ejU KoUo hr Zm[dÝ`nwU© HënZm am~dbr. ^mDamdm¨Zr OZVoÀ`m EohrH JaOm ^mJdyZ amOHr`, gm_m[OH d ^m¡[VH OmoISmVwZ _wŠV HaÊ`mHSo bj [Xbo VgoM _wbm¨Zm Mm[aÌg¨dY©Z d gdm©¨JrU CÞVr `mHSo bj [Xbo. AmË_m, _moj Amë`mMo na_mËå`mer [_bZ `mda Ë`m¨Zr HYrM ^ma [Xbm Zmhr. Ë`m¨Mo OrdZ[df`H VËdkmZ ho _wb^wV [ejU d Jwbm_[JarVwZ _wŠVVm hoM hmoVo. AmË_m, na_mË_m, _moj, ñdJ© ho ^aë`mnmoQr gwMdUmao eãX AmhoV Ago AmOhr n[a[ñWVr Amho. ^mHarV AmË_m emoYUmar OmV hr "^wHobm Hmo¨Sm d [ZOobm Ymo¨Sm' _mZUmar d OmUUmar [Vbm AmË_m, Xod, _moj `mMr JaOM Hm`?

^mDamdm¨Zr `m dg[VJ¥hmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ñdm[^_mZr, [Z^©`, AmË_[Z^©a Aem VéUm¨À`m [nTçm V`ma Hoë`m. "a`V godH' V`ma HaUmao Vo [eënHma Rabo."bmW _marZ [VW¨ nmUr HmTrZ' hr n«d¥ËVr _wbm¨_Ü`o [Z_m©U HaUmao d HmoUVohr Hm_ hbHo dmQw Z`o. Jar~rMr bmO ~miJw Z`o. CnOr[dHogmRr HmoUVoM Hm_ H_rnUmMo Zmhr. hm AmË_[dídmg [Z_m©U HaUo hm hoVww hmoVm. "_mYwHar' gma»`m n«WoMm Ë`m¨Zr a`V [ejUg¨ñWoV HYrM g_mdoe Hobm Zmhr. H_©dra ^mDamdm¨Mo Hm`© d M[aÌ nmhVmZm Ë`m¨Zm gwImV bmoiÊ`mMr g¨Yr AgVmZmhr Ë`m¨Zr e¡j[UH d gm_m[OH Hm`m©Mo d«V [ñdHmabo hmoVo. Vo Zoh_r _wbm¨Zm "ñdmdb¨~Z' d AmË_[Z^©aVm hr B©ídar` XoUJr Amho. em[a[aH HïmVwZ Hnmimda C^o amhrbobo Km_mMo _moVr hm _mZdmMm gd©loð Ab¨Hma Amho. Ago gm¨JV AgV. JmdmoJmdr ì`m»`mZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVwZ Vo OZVobm A[h¨goMo d Añn¥í`Vm Z nmiÊ`mMo VËd nQdwZ XoV AgV. Am`wî`^a Vo [ejU n«gma [X¨SrVrb d«VñW dmaHar åhUwZ Hm`©aV amhrbo. _hmamï—mV OÝ_mbm Ambobo Vo EH _hm_mZdM hmoVo. Vo _mZdVoMo d bmoHemhrMo ^ŠV hmoVo. "a`V godH' hr nXdr Vo ñdV: ghrImbr [bhrV nU OZVoZo Ë`m¨Zm "H_©dra' hr nXdr ~hmb Hobr hmoVr.

nX²_^wfU, hr Sr. [bQ². gma»`m nXì`m [_idwZ nXdrMm XOm© dmTdbm åhUÊ`mBVHr H_©dramÀ`m Hm_mMr C¨Mr hmoVr. AZoH Jar~ _wbm¨Zm `mo½` _mJ© XmIdUmam dmQmSçm, _mJ©Xe©H , _hm_mZd, g_mO[ejH a`V [ejU g¨ñWoÀ`m énmZo AmOhr Amnë`mV Amho. Agm hm _mZd, _hmZ g_mOgwYmaH , a`VoÀ`m godH _[OVwë` [ejH 9 _o 1959 amoOr Amnë`m Hm`m©Mm A_wë` Agm Rodm Amnë`m nXamV QmHwZ AZ¨VmV [dbrZ Pmbm.

-A°S. e¡bOm _moiH

[dlm¨VdmSr, nwUo-15