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ñdmV¨Í` gm¡Xm[_Zr-_hmamUr Vmam~mB©

gm¡.dgwYm ndma

""amOmam_ _hmamO ñdJ©dmgr Pmbo, Ë`mdoir Vmam~mB©Mo d` AdKo n¨Mdrg dfm©Mo hmoVo. d¡Yì`mMo Xw:I [JiwZ _amRr amÁ`mMr Tmgibobr ~mOw gmdéZ YaÊ`mgmRr Ë`m¨Zr amÁ`gwÌo hmVr KoDZ, Am¡a¨JOo~mMo bîHar AmìhmZ ñdrHmabo. X[jUoVrb EH bhmZem amOmMr n¨Mdrg dfm©Mr EH [dYdm amUr Am[e`m I¨SmVrb gdm©V ~bmTç Aem g_«mQmer g_«mQmer bîHar g¨Kf© Hamd`mg C^r amhrbr, hr KQZm _amRçm¨À`mM Zìho, Va [hÝXwñWmZÀ`m B[VhmgmV Agm_mÝ` _mZmdr bmJob.''

Vmam~mB© `m h¨~ramd _mohrVo, gabîHa `m [edmOr _hmamOm¨À`m namH«_r goZmnVrMr HÝ`m (OÝ_ g.1675). _mohrVo ho HèhmS OdiÀ`m Vi~rS JmdMo Xoe_wI. ehmOr amOm¨Mr nËZr VwHm~mB©, [edmOramOm¨Mr amUr gmo`am~mB© `mhr `mM KamÊ`mVrb. NÌnVr KamÊ`mMm d Vi~rSÀ`m _mohrVo KamÊ`mMm VrZ [nTç¨mMm ZmË`mJmoË`mMm g¨~¨Y hmoVm. `m nmíd©^w_rdaM Vmam~mB© NÌnVr KamÊ`mMm ñZwfm åhUwZ am`JSmda Amë`m.

[edmOr _hmamOm¨À`m [ZYZmZ¨Va g¨^mOr _hmamOm¨Zr Amnë`m namH«_r goZmnVrÀ`m `m HÝ`oMm [ddmh Amnë`m ~¨Yyer (amOmam_) KSdwZ AmUbm. Ago HaÊ`mV Ë`m¨Zm YmoHm dmQbm Zmhr. Vmam~mB©Mo ì`ŠVr_Ëd ho Vmè`mn«_mUo VoOñdr hmoVo. EHm ~IaHmamZo åhQbo Amho, "" Vmam~mB© gm¡¨X`© HéZ ZjÌ VmamJV hmoVr. Ë`mHarVm gd©Vmonar (Vmam) ZmdmMm bm¡[HH Ombm''

Vmam~mB© amO_¨Si n«_wI

g¨^mOr _hmamO H¡X hmoVmM, amUr `ogw~mB©¨Zr _moRçm YrarXËVnUo amOmam_ _hmamOm¨Zm NÌnVr åhUwZ Kmo[fV Hobo. NÌnVtZr gwIénnUo am`JSm~mhoa nSwZ HZm©QHmV [O¨[Og OmDZ amÁ` Hamdo, Agm Ë`m¨Zr gëbm [Xbm. Ë`mn«_mUo amOmam_ _hmamO Amnë`m n[admamgh g[hgbm_V am`JSm~mhoa nSbo. nwTo Vo HZm©QHmV [O¨[OHSo [ZKyZ Jobo. VWm[n, OmÊ`mnwdr© Ë`m¨Zr _hmamï—mV ñdamÁ`mÀ`m amÁ`Hma^mamgmRr amO_¨SimMr ñWmnZm Hobr. amO_¨Sim_Ü`o am_M¨X«n¨V A_mË`, YZmOr OmYd, g¨VmOr KmoanSo, e¨HaOr Zmam`U Am[X _wËgÔr d goZmZr n«_wI hmoVo. `m amO_¨SimÀ`m n«_wInXr amOmam_ _hmamOm¨Zr Vmam~mB©¨Zm [Z`wŠV Hobo.

ñdamÁ` EHm HRrU AdñWoVwZ OmV AgVm, Ë`m¨À`m Hma^mamMr O~m~Xmar amOmam_ _hmamOm¨Zr Amnë`m 15 dfm©À`m amUrda gmon[dbr. amO_¨SimMo n«_wI nX ñdrHméZ ñdV: [O¨[Obm OmB©n`©¨V Vmam~mB©¨Zr gw_mao XrS dfo© ñdamÁ`mMm Hma^ma g_W©nUo Mmb[dbm.

[O¨[Og n«`mU

Vmam~mB© d Ë`m¨Mr gdV amOg~mB© nwTo AmS_mJm©Zo {O¨[Og OmDZ nmohMë`m . (OmZo.1691) Voìhm Pw[ë\HmImZmZo [O¨[Og doTm KmVbm. bdHaM doTm KmbyZ ~gboë`m _mo¨Jbr g¡Ý`mda g¨VmOr KmoanSo d YZmOr OmYd `m¨Zr J[Z_r Hmì`mZo hëbo HéZ, g¡Ý`mMr h¡amUJV Hobr. `mdoir amOmam_ _hmamOm¨Zr _moRçm Y¡`m©Zo [O¨[OMm [Hëbm bT[dbm. _amRm gaXmam¨Mr A¨VJ©V ^m¨SUo, ñdmWr© amOHmaUo, _moJbmgma»`m n«~b eÌw `m_wio [O¨[O_Yrb n[a[ñWVr AZoHdoim [~HQ hmoB©. Aemdoir amOmam_mbm gëbm XoUmè`mV Vmam~mB©¨Mr n«_wI ^y[_Hm hmoVr. _moJb B[VhmgHma Im[\ImZ [VÀ`m amOmam_HmbmVrb dU©Z nwTrn«_mUo HaVmo. "" Vmam~mB© hr amOmam_Mr Wmoabr ~m`Hmo hmo`. Vr ~wÕr_mZ d ehmUr hmoVr g¡Ý`mMr ì`dñWm Am[U amÁ`Hma^ma `m ~m~VrV Zdè`mÀ`m h`mVrV [VMm _moRm bm¡HrH Pmbm hmoVm.''

{O¨[OhwZ gwQHm

Pw[ë\HmImZmÀ`m g¨JZ_VmZo amOmam_ _hmamO Amnë`m amÊ`mgh [O¨Or [Hëë`mVwZ [ZgQwZ _hmamï—mV gwIénUo naV Ambo. (g.1698) nwTo ñdamÁ`mV Amë`mda Vmam~mB© ñdV: amOmam_ _hmamOm¨~amo~a ñdmar HaVmZm [XgVmV. nVr~amo~a Ë`m HmoHUÀ`m ñdmarVhr Joë`mMr B[VhmgmV Zmo¨X Amho. [O¨[OhwZ Amë`mda, Ë`m ñdamÁ`mÀ`m amÁ`Hma^mamV A[YHm[YH bj Kmby bmJë`m hmoË`m. `mMo EH CXmhaU VËhmbrZ HmJXnÌmV gmnSbo. g.1699 À`m gw_mamg Ë`m¨Zr goZmnVr YZmOr OmYd d [JaOmoOr `mXd `m¨À`m_Yrb V¨QçmMm [ZHmb [Xbobm Amho. nmbrÀ`m I¨Smo~mÀ`m `mÌoVrb hŠHmg¨~¨YrMm hm [ZdmSm AgwZ, Vmo goZmnVr YZmOr OmYdmÀ`m [damoYmV [Xbobm Amho. Ë`mdéZ amÁ`Hma^maVrb Ë`m¨Mr Ý`m`[ZðwaVm [XgwZ `oVo.

Vmam~mB© amÁ`mÀ`m n«_wI

Vmam~mB© dmñVì` gmVmè`mda hmoVo. ~mXehmÀ`m gmVmè`mda doTm nSUma Amho,`mMm gwJmdm bmJVmM [Hëë`mÀ`m g¨ajUmgmRr Amdí`H Vr ì`dñWm HéZ, Ë`m [demiJSmHSo Amë`m hmoË`m. bdHaM ~mXehmZo gmVmè`mg doTm KmVcm d OmoaXma hëbo gwé Hobo. _amRohr Ë`m¨À`mer [VVŠ`mM [OÔrZo bTV hmoVo. na¨Vw XwXo©dmZo hm bTm Mmbw AgVmZm, _moJbr _wbmImVrb _mohr_odéZ naV OmV AgVm, amOmam_ _hmamO AënHmimÀ`m AmOmamZo [g¨hJSmda _¥Ë`w nmdbo. (_mM©1700)

_amRo hr ~mV_r EoHwZ hVme Pmbo. Vmam~mB©À`m Xw:Imbm Va gr_mM ZìhVr. Ë`m¨À`mda d¡Yì`mMr HwèhmS Hmogibr hmoVr. nU Ë`mhr AdñWoV, Ë`m d¡Yì`mMm emoH HarV ~gë`m ZmhrV. ñdamÁ` ZoV¥ËdhrZ Pmbo hmoVo. Aemdoir Zì`m ZoV¥ËdmMr JaO hmoVr. Vmam~mB© `m g¨HQHmir dm[KUrn«_mUo nwTo gagmdë`m. `mdoir Ë`m¨Mr d` AdKo 25 dfm©Mo hmoVo. Aem EoZ VméÊ`mV Ë`m¨Zr [h¨Xdr ñdamÁ`mÀ`m g¨ajUmMr O~m~Xmar Amnë`m [eamda KoVbr. _amRçm¨À`m B[VhmgmVrb hm EH _moRm AmUr~mUrMm jU hmoVm.

Am¡a¨JOo~ ñdamÁ`mda _mohr_

d¡Yì`mÀ`m Xw:ImV AgVmZmM ñdamÁ`mda IwÔ Am¡a¨JOo~mÀ`m AmH«_UmMo g¨HQ Hmogibo hmoVo. Aem [~HQ n[a[ñWVrV _wËgÔoJrarZo Vmam~mB© _moJbm¨Mm gaXma éhwëbmImZ `m¨À`m_m\©V ~mXemhr dmQmKmQr gwé HéZ, ~mXehmbm Jw¨VdwZ Rodbo. ~mXehmMr X[jUoVrb _amRr amÁ` g_wi Zï Hamd`mMr, Aer _hËdmHm¨jm hmoVr. åhUwZ Ë`mZo Vmam~mB©HSo gd© [Hëë`m¨Mr _mJUr Hobr. Vmam~mB©¨Zr Vr \oQmiwZ bmdbr. Xaå`mZ Vmam~mB©¨Zr Amnbm nwÌ [edmOramOo `m` JmXrda ~gdwZ _amRçm¨À`m Zì`m NÌnVtMr [demiJSmda KmofUm [Xbr. (10_mM©1700) Am[U Ë`m ~mXemhr g¨Kf© HaÊ`mg gÁO Pmë`m. Vmam~mB© [demiJSmdéZ gmVmè`mÀ`m bTçmMr gwÌo hbdrV hmoË`m. _amRohr _moRçm ËdofmZo bTwZ _moJbm¨Zm h¡amU HaV hmoVo. BVŠ`mV _moJbm¨Zr _¨JbmB© ~wéOmbm gwa¨J bmdwZ [Hëë`mÀ`m VQmbm [I¨Sma nmSbo. na¨Vw [Hëë`mÀ`m VQmMr ~mhoaMr [^¨V HmogiwZ hOmamo¨ _moJb g¡[ZH JmSbo Jobo. [Hëë`mMm VQM CÕñV Pmë`mZo, AmVm JS bT[dUo AdKS Amho ho AmoiIwZ Vmam~mB©¨Zr ehmOmXm AmÁO_À`m _Ü`ñWrZo [Hëë`mVrb bmoHm¨Zm A^` XoDZ [Hëbm _moJbm¨À`m hdmbr Hobm.

1701 _Ü`o ~mXehmZo nÝhmiçmg doTm KmVbm. Vmo\mMr _mam_mar gwé Pmbr. [Hëë`mÀ`m VQmbm [I¨Sma nSbo. _amRo BVŠ`m ËdofmZo bTV hmoVo Hr, Ë`m¨Zm nmhwZ _moJb g¡Ý`mg nwTo OmÊ`mMo YmSg hmoV ZìhVo. [demiJSmdéZ Vmam~mB© bTçmMo g¨`moOZ HarV hmoË`m. Ë`mdoir nÝhmiçmdarb _amRr g¡Ý`mg [bhboë`m nÌmV Ë`m¨Mm ìXof, Amdoe Am[U AmË_[dídmg Rm`r Rm`r n«HQ hmoVmo. Am¡a¨JOo~mg "RoMJm' XoDZ ""Ë`mMm [hgm~ Z Y[aVm eVr©Zgr ZVrOm'' nmdÊ`mMr ^mfm Ë`m¨À`m Vmo¨Sr [XgVo.

Vmam~mB©¨Mr aUZrVr

~mXehmZo _amRçm¨Mo dg¨VJS, gmVmam, nÝhmim, [demiJS, [g¨hJS BË`mXr [Hëbo KoVbo Var Vmam~mB© SJ_Jë`m ZmhrV. HmaU ~mXehmMr nmR [\aVmM AmnU ho [Hëbo [O¨HwZ KoD, Aer Ë`m¨Zm C_oX hmoVr. Vmam~mB©À`m `m aZUrVrMo dU©Z BQm[b`Z n«dmgr _ZwMr åhUVmo,"" _amRm Hmdo~mO AmhoV. ~è`mMdoim Vo _moJbm¨Zm [Hëbm [dHV KoD XoVmV Am[U _moJbm¨HSwZ Ë`m [Hëë`mV gmYZ gm_J«rMr Mm¨Jbr ì`dñWm hmoB©n`©¨V Wm¨~VmV Am[U _moJbm¨Zr [Hëbm Hm~rO HarV AgVm XmI[dboë`m VËnaVohwZ A[YH VËnaVoZo Vmo nwÝhm hñVJV HaVmV.'' ~mXehm _amRçm¨Mo [Hëbo [O¨HÊ`mÀ`m _mohr_oda ~mhoa nSo, Ë`mZo doTm KmVbobm [Hëbm _amRo 6-7 _hrZo bTdV. nmdgmim Vmo¨Smda Amë`mda Zm_wîHrZo naV OmÊ`mnojm _amRçmer g¨JZ_V HéZ Ë`m¨Zm JwnMwn I¨SUr XoDZ ~mXehm _mKmar [\ao. _J [Hëbm [O¨Hë`mÀ`m AmZ¨XmV _moKb naVV. Agm EHoH df©mV ~mXehm EHM [Hëbm KoD eHo. Ago nmM ghm [Hëbo KoÊ`mVM Am¡a¨JOo~mMr C_a (amhrbobr) JwOéZ QmHdm`Mr, Ago Vmam~mB©¨Zr YmoaU Radbo hmoVo.

[Hëbm eŠ` VodTm A[YH Hmi bTdm`Mm Am[U eodQr AeŠ` Pmë`mg ^anwa n¡gm KoDZ eÌwg Vmo XoDZ QmHm`Mm Am[U Vmohr nmdgmim Vmo¨Smda Ambm Agm, EoZ nmdgmiçmV naVrMm n«dmg HarV _moJbm¨Mr h¡amUJV ìhmdr, Ver Pmbr Hr _J _amRr \m¡OmZr bm¨SJoVmoS Hamdr. nwTo ~mXehmMr nmR diVmM nwÝhm Vmo [Hëbm Hm~rO HéZ ¿`mdm hr Vmam~mB©¨À`m aUZrVrMr EH ~mOw Pmbr.

Xwgar ~mOw Aer Hr, Am¡a¨Jo~ ghçmX«rÀ`m [Hëë`mda YSH _marV AgVm, Ë`mMo ZrVrY¡`© IM[dÊ`mgmRr Ë`mÀ`m bm¨~À`mbm¨~ gwä`mV Amnbr bîHao KwgdwZ, VoWrb n«Xoe bwQwZ _amRr \m¡Om¨Mr Ym_yYw_ Hamdr. ~mXehmZo Amnë`m \m¡Om Ë`m¨À`m n«[VHmamg nmRdmì`mV, Va XwgarHSoM ngma Pmbobo AgV.

Vmam~mB©¨Zr nmR[dboë`m EHm _amRr \m¡OoZo Vmnr ZXrÀ`m Vramdarb ~wèhmUmnwadRm hëbm HéZ, VoWrb gw^oXmamg H¡X Hobo hmoVo. _amRçm¨Zr I¨SUr XoDZM Ë`mbm ñdV:Mr gwQHm HéZ ¿`mdr bmJbr hmoVr. Ë`mMdoir Hmhr _amRr \m¡Om dèhmSmV Kwgë`m d VoWrb gw^oXma Abr_Xm©ImZ `mg Ë`m¨Zr H¡b Hobo. EdToM Zmhr Va, Vmam~mB©¨À`m \m¡Om _mdim, Jmo¨YidmSm, JwOamW, HZm©QH B. ~mXemhr n«XoemVhr EHgma»` Ym_Yy_ _mOdrV hmoË`m.

Vmam~mB©¨À`m `m AmH«_H YmoaUm_wio ~mXehmMm Yra IMbm, ~mXehm [g¨hJSmg doTm Mmbw AgVmZm Vmam~mB©À`m \m¡Om¨Zr _moJbr gm_«mÁ`mMo öX`ñWmZ AgUmè`m _miì`mÀ`m gwä`mda hëbm HéZ [gamoO. CÁO¡Z B. ehao bwQbr. Am¡a¨JOo~mMm EH M[aÌHma ^r_goZ gŠgoZm, hm Ë`mdoir X[jUoV hmoVm. Vmo åhUVmo. "" Z_©XoÀ`m X[jUog X»IZ, ImZXoe, dèhmS, HmoHU `m n«m¨VmVrb naJÊ`mVyZ Am[U IoSçmVwZ, gd©Ì _amRo Qmoi _w¨½`mn«_mUo ngabo hmoVo.'' Aemn«Hmao Vmam~mB©¨Zr 1702 gmbmnmgwZM _moJbr gm_«mÁ`mda AmH«_H n[dÌm KoVbm hmoVm.

Vmam~mB©Mr Wmoadr

Vmam~mB©À`m VoOñdr HmaHrXuMm Aä`mg HarV AgVm, AH~a ~mXehmÀ`m \m¡Omer ËdofmZo bTdUmè`m Ah_XZJaÀ`m Mm¨X[~[~Mr, VgoM eÌwer bTVm bTVm aUm¨JUmda AmË_g_n©U HaUmè`m Jmo¨SdZmVrb amUr XwJm©dVrMr AmRdU Pmë`m[edm` amhV Zmhr.

Am¡a¨JOo~ ~mXehm _amRr amÁ` [IemV KmbÊ`mgmRr X[jUoV Ambm. Vmo d`mZo, AZw^dmZo gm_Ï`m©Zo Vmam~mB©nojm [HVrVar Á`oð hmoVm. Vmo 22 gwä`mMm ~mXehm hmoVm, bjmdYr goZoMm Vmo A[YHmar hmoVm, AJ[UV I[OÝ`mMm Vmo _mbH hmoVm. Varhr _amRçm¨À`m `m VéU amUrbm Vmo [O¨Hw eHbm Zmhr. CbQ VmoM Vmam~mB©nwTo XrZdmUr Pmbm. Vmam~mB©Mr Wmoadr JmVmZm H[d XodXËV `m¨Zr åhQbo Amho.

[Xëbr Pmbr XrZdmUr, [XëbremMo Jobo nmUr

Vmam~mB© am_amUr, ^X«Hmbr Hmonbr &

am_amUr ^X«Hmbr, aUma¨Jr H«wÕ Pmbr

n«b`mMr doi Ambr, _wJb hmo gm¨^mim &&

Aem n«Hmao NÌnVr KamÊ`mV ehmOr amOo, [edmOr _hmamO, g¨^mOr amOo `m¨À`mgmaIo Hodi nwéfM HV©~Jma [ZKmbo Ago Zmhr, Va amï—_mVm [OOm~mB©, _hmamUr `ogw~mB©, _hmamUr Vmam~mB© `m¨À`mgma»`m [ñÌ`mhr HV©~Jma d namH«_r [ZKmë`m. `mn¡Hr n«Ë`oHrMo HV¥©Ëd [^ÝZ [^ÝZ Agbo Var, Ë`m¨Zr ñdV:Mm Agm Rgm OJmÀ`m B[VhmgmV C_Qdbm Amho. åhUwZ `m [VÝhrhr amO[ñÌ`m¨Zm _amRr _mUgm¨ öX`mV AmXamMo ñWmZ Amho.